内蒙古自治区蒙古族小学生肥胖类型与运动能力的关联性

  目的  分析蒙古族小学生肥胖类型及运动能力的关联性，为制定促进学生体质健康策略提供依据。  方法  以2019年全国学生体质与健康调研内蒙古自治区现场调查采集数据为研究资料，纳入7 941名7~12岁蒙古族学生作为调查对象。依据《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》和腰高比，将肥胖分为一般性肥胖、中心型肥胖和复合型肥胖3种类型，探讨肥胖类型与各项运动能力及体能指数(PFI)的关联性。  结果  7~9岁男、女生的肥胖检出率分别为23.5%和28.2%，10~12岁分别为16.3%和16.5%，性别间比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。在肥胖类型中，两年龄组男女生的复合型肥胖检出率最高(15.6%，9.2%；18.4%，8.2%)，男生复合型肥胖和中心性肥胖检出率均高于女生(P值均 < 0.05)。非肥胖组男生的立定跳远、仰卧起坐、50 m×8往返跑3项运动能力指标成绩均高于3类肥胖组；非肥胖组女生的50 m跑、立定跳远、仰卧起坐、50 m×8往返跑4项指标成绩均高于3类肥胖组(P值均 < 0.05)。7~9岁复合型肥胖组的立定跳远、50 m×8往返跑和10~12岁复合型肥胖组的50 m跑、50 m×8往返跑指标成绩均低于其他中心型和一般性肥胖组，差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。7~9、10~12岁两年龄组中男女生非肥胖、一般性肥胖、中心型肥胖和复合型肥胖PFI的中位数值差异均有统计学意义(男生: H值分别为79.23，241.42；女生: H值分别为61.94，74.38，P值均 < 0.01)。  结论  内蒙古自治区蒙古族小学生中复合型肥胖人群占比较大，且运动能力相对较低，需要采取针对性措施，做好青少年肥胖的控制和干预工作。

Association between obesity type and exercise capacity in Inner Mongolian primary school students

  Objective  To analysis the relationship between obesity types and exercise capacity among Mongolian primary school students, to provide evidence supporting the formulation of strategies to promote students' physical fitness.  Methods  A total of 7 941 Mongolian students aged 7-12 years in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected, and data were collected from a field survey conducted by the National Physical Fitness and Health Survey in 2019. According to overweight and obesity screening of school-aged children and adolescents, and the waist-height ratio, obesity status was classified into general obesity, central obesity and complex obesity, relationships among obesity type, exercise ability and PFI.  Results  The prevalence of obesity was 23.5%, 28.2%, 16.3% and 16.5% in boys and girls 7-9 and 10-12 years of age, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys than girls(P < 0.05). The detection rate of compound obesity in boys and girls was highest (15.6%, 9.2%; 18.4%, 8.2%), and the detection rate of compound obesity and central obesity in boys was higher than that in girls(P < 0.05). The performance in the non-obese boys and girls (on the basis of standing long jump, sit-up and 50 m×8 round-trip running in boys, and 50 m running, standing long jump, sit-up and 50 m×8 round-trip running in girls) was better than that in the obese groups(P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the median PFI of non-obesity, general obesity, central obesity and compound obesity between boys and girls in the two groups of 7-9 and 10-12 years old (boys: H=79.23, 241.42; girls: H=61.94, 74.38, P < 0.01).  Conclusion  The proportion of compound obesity among Inner Mongolian primary school students was relatively high, and the exercise capacity was relatively low. Specific measures should be taken to effectively control the occurrence and development of adolescent obesity.