海南省2019—2021年淡水鱼中食源性寄生虫调查

目的 了解海南省淡水鱼中食源性寄生虫感染情况,评估人群感染潜在的危险性,为制定食源性寄生虫病监测策略和防治方案提供科学依据。方法 2019—2021年对海南省琼中县、三亚市和昌江县监测点附近的溪流或水库等自然水体环境,以随机捕捞的方式获取新鲜样品。采用玻片压片镜检法对寄生虫囊蚴进行检测。同时在捕捞样品的行政村进行肝吸虫病知识和居民肝吸虫病感染情况调查。结果 2019—2021年共检测淡水鱼47种合计396尾,检出寄生虫囊蚴阳性45尾,总感染率为11.36%。有13种淡水鱼中检出寄生虫,品种感染率为27.66%（13/47）。其中海南细齿塘鳢感染率最高,为75.00%（3/4）,显著高于其他鱼种（P<0.05）,三个市县中,琼中县检出率最高,为17.05%（22/129）。发放调查问卷487份,居民对肝吸虫病总知晓率为11.50%（56/487）,昌江县知晓率最低,为1.31%,男性知晓率高于女性（P<0.05）。同期对居民肠道进行寄生虫检测3 178人份,未发现肝吸虫病患者。结论 海南省部分市县淡水鱼受到寄生虫污染,应加强监测,采取有效的防治措施,加强食源性寄生虫病卫生宣传和教育,提高群众自我防护意识。

Investigation on food-borne parasites in freshwater fishes in Hainan, 2019-2021

Objective To understand the infection status of freshwater fishes with food-borne parasites in Hainan province, to evaluate the potential risk of human infection, providing scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of food-borne parasitic diseases. Methods From 2019 to 2021, fresh freshwater fishes were collected randomly from streams or reservoirs near the monitoring sites in Qiongzhong, Sanya and Changjiang of Hainan Province. All the specimen were screened by the crushing microscopy method to check the parasite meta-cercaria. At the same time, we investigated the knowledge and Clonorchis sinensis in residents near the village.Results A total of 396 specimens in 47 species of fishes in 2019-2021 were screened in the freshwater products, 45 positive metacercariae were detected, with parasite infection rate of 11.36%. Parasites were detected in 13 species of freshwater fishes with an infection rate of 27.66% (13/47). Among all kinds of fishes, the highest infection rate was 75.00% (3/4) in Sineleotris chalmersi, significantly higher than other species (P<0.05). Among three areas, the highest infection rate was 17.05% (22/129) in Qiongzhong. A total of 487 residents were surveyed, and the proportions of residents with knowledge of C.sinensis was 11.50% (56/487), the lowest knowledge rate was 1.31% in Changjiang, the knowledge rate of males was significantly higher than that of females. While no any C.sinensis infection patients was found in 3 178 residents. Conclusions It is found that freshwater fishes in some areas of Hainan province are infected by parasites. Therefore,it is necessary to enforce the monitoring and take effective control measures, strengthen the publicity and education of food-borne parasites diseases, improve the self-protection awareness of people.