酒精性肝病啮齿动物模型建立的研究进展

酒精性肝病（alcoholic liver disease, ALD）是全世界最常见的肝脏疾病之一,由于长期酗酒引起肝脏发生一系列病理改变,最终导致肝脏疾病的发生,且发病率逐年上升。目前,酒精性肝病的发生机制及病理研究已经取得了显著进展,但ALD的相关机制并未研究透彻,需要通过改进目前现有的动物模型或建立一种新的更全面的ALD动物模型去模拟人类ALD。ALD的实验动物模型,特别是啮齿类动物,已被广泛用于模拟人类ALD,理想的酒精性肝病啮齿动物模型将有效地模拟酒精对人类肝脏的方方面面。但到目前为止,常用的动物模型都存在一定缺陷,还没有一个完整的动物模型能够模拟人类ALD。本文对ALD发病机制、ALD啮齿动物模型建立的相关方法及其影响因素进行了综述,为相关科研人员建立ALD啮齿动物模型提供理论依据。

Advances in the establishment of rodent model of alcoholic liver disease

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common liver diseases in the world. Long-term alcoholism causes a series of pathological changes in the liver, which eventually leads to the occurrence of liver diseases with an increasing incidence. At present, significant progress has been made in the pathogenesis and pathological development of alcoholic liver disease, but the relevant mechanism of ALD has not been thoroughly studied. It is necessary to improve the existing animal model or establish a new, more comprehensive animal ALD model to simulate human ALD. Experimental animal models of ALD, especially rodents, are often used to simulate human ALD, and the ideal rodent ALD model can effectively simulate all aspects of alcohol in human liver. But so far, the commonly used animal models all have certain defects, and there is no complete animal model that can simulate human ALD. This paper reviewed the pathogenesis of ALD, related methods and influencing factors of ALD model, and provided a theoretical basis for relevant researchers to establish the ALD rodent model.