我国手足口病病原体变迁及EV71疫苗上市的潜在影响研究进展

预防接种疫苗,是全球公认的最经济、最有效的手段。我国于2015年12月到2017年5月,先后有3种手足口病疫苗（包括中国医学科学院医学生物研究所EV71人二倍体细胞疫苗、北京科兴生物制品有限公司EV71灭活疫苗和武汉生物制品研究所EV71灭活疫苗）经国家食品药品监督管理总局上市。手足口病疫苗作为一种预防控制手足口病的措施,其效果和对手足口病流行的影响受到业内高度关注。HFMD在我国流行有明显的季节性,最常见的病原体为肠道病毒71型（EV71）、柯萨奇病毒A16型（CoxA16）。本文就上述3种HFMD疫苗（EV71）的免疫对象、免疫程序、免疫原性、免疫效果、交叉免疫以及EV71疫苗上市后普通病例、重症病例和死亡病例的病原学变迁情况进行综述,旨在为手足口病防控措施提供科学依据。

Research progress in pathogen spectrum of hand,foot,and mouth disease and the potential impact of licensed EV71 vaccines in China

Vaccination is globally recognized as the most economical and effective tool in public health. Between December 2015 and May 2017, three vaccines against EV71 (including the EV71 human diploid cell vaccine developed by the Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the inactivated EV71 vaccine developed by Sinovac Biotech Ltd. and the inactivated EV71 vaccine developed by Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd.) have been licensed by CFDA in China. As a preventive measure to control HFMD, how effective they are and what impact they have on the epidemic of HFMD are of great concern in the industry. The prevalence of HFMD in China has obvious seasonality, and the most common causative strains are EV71 and Coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16). In order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD, this paper summarizes the immune objects, immune procedures, immunogenicity, immune effect and cross immunization of the above three EV71 vaccines, and the etiological changes of mild, severe and death cases after the three vaccines have been released on the market.