成都市高新区儿童青少年屈光状态

目的 了解成都高新区4～18岁儿童青少年的屈光状态，分析屈光参数的流行病学特征。方法 于2021年8—9月对成都市高新区4～18岁共82 024名儿童青少年进行调查，分析筛查性近视检出、视力不良、高度近视、屈光状态及眼轴发育情况。结果 筛查性近视检出率为40.42%,其中低度近视率为24.51%,中度近视率为13.05%,高度近视率为2.86%。幼儿园筛查性近视检出率为1.81%(233/12 848),小学为34.44%(17 095/49 644),初中为79.73%(9 738/12 214),高中为83.25%(6 092/7 318)。4岁开始视力不良率逐年增加，6～15岁为近视检出率增长最快的时间段；高度近视检出率相邻年龄组间两两比较，9～15岁之间差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.035 7);不同年龄不同性别间比较，5岁、7～17岁男女生筛查性近视检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。4岁时总体屈光度中位数为0.40 D,到18岁时发展为-2.90 D,8～15岁女生的屈光度比男生更高(Z值分别为-2.53,-4.09,-5.67,-8.64,-5.56...

Refractive status of children and adolescents in Gaoxin District of Chengdu

  Objective   To investigate the refractive status of children and adolescents aged 4-18 years in Chengdu, and to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of refractive parameters.  Methods   A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 82 024 children and adolescents aged 4-18 years in Gaoxin District of Chengdu from August to September 2021. The prevalence of screening myopia, low vision rate, high myopia rate, refractive status and axial development were analyzed.  Results   The prevalence of screening myopia in students aged 4-18 years was 40.42%(33 158/82 024). Low myopia was 24.51%(20 108/82 024), moderate myopia was 13.05%(10 703/82 024) and high myopia was 2.86%(2 347/82 024). The prevalence of screening myopia was 1.81% (233/12 848) in kindergarten, 34.44%(17 095/49 644) in primary school, 79.73%(9 738/12 214) in junior high school and 83.25%(6 092/7 318) in senior high school. The rate of visual impairment increased by year from the age of 4, and the rate of myopia increased most rapidly from 6 to 15 years old, the prevalenct of high myopia was compared between adjacent age groups: there were statistical differences between 9-15 years old were more likely to be nearsighted than boys(P < 0.035 7). Significant differences in screening myopia between 5- and 7-17-year-old groups, and in boys and girls.The median total diopter was 0.40 D at the age of 4 and developed to -2.90 D at the age of 18. The diopter of girls aged 8-15 years was higher than that of boys, and there was statistical significance(Z=-2.53, -4.09, -5.67, -8.64, -5.56, -4.97, -2.52, -2.14, P < 0.05). The axial length gradually increased with age, with the mean value of (22.31±0.59) mm at 4 years old and (24.91±1.00) mm at 18 years old. The mean corneal curvature did not change with age (43.19±1.47)D.  Conclusion   6-15 years old is a especially critical period for myopia development. More efforts need to be taken to decrease the prevalence of myopia before 6 years old. Prevention of the development of high myopia should start before the age of 10. The prevalence of myopia in girls is higher than that in boys, more prevention and control of myopia should focus on girls.