海南省某医院2018—2020年成年人血流感染患者的病原学特征和耐药性分析

目的 分析海南省细菌耐药监测网点单位2018—2020年血流感染（bloodstram infection, BSI）患者的病原学特征及耐药性,为临床诊断和治疗提供实验室数据。方法 收集研究对象的病例资料,采用回顾性的方法对BSI患者的病原学特征及临床治疗常用药物进行耐药性分析,采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 2018—2020年共检测出病原菌877株,其中革兰阴性菌584株（66.6%）、革兰阳性菌239株（27.2%）、真菌54株（6.2%）;男性患者591例（67.4%）、女性患者286例（32.6%）;住院患者780例（88.9%）、门急诊患者97例（11.1%）;BSI患者基础疾病以高血压、脑梗死和2型糖尿病为主,原发感染以肺部感染和泌尿系统感染为主;重症医学科（25.2%,221例）、急诊科（10.9%,96例）、肿瘤科（9.1%,80例）、肾内科（6.8%,60例）和肝胆胰外科（4.3%,38例）是病原菌占比最高的科室;大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、草绿色链球菌群和白色念珠菌是分离率最高的病原菌;碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌、碳青霉烯类耐药铜绿假单胞菌和碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌检出率分别为3.4%、15.2%和36.4%,未检出碳青霉烯类耐药大肠埃希菌;耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌检出率分别为18.5%和79.1%。结果 构成BSI病原菌以革兰阴性菌占首位,住院患者是BSI的主要来源;患者的年龄、基础疾病和原发感染灶是BSI发生的危险因素,临床实验室应加强对BSI高危患者的病原学监测和对常用抗菌药物的耐药性分析,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。

Analysis of the etiological characteristics and drug resistance of adult patients with bloodstream infection in a hospital in Hainan, 2018-2020

Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics and drug resistance of patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) in the bacterial resistance monitoring network in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2020, so as to provide laboratory data for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of the subjects were collected, and the etiological characteristics of BSI patients and drug resistance of commonly used drugs in clinical treatment were analyzed retrospectively. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 877 strains were isolated, including Gram-negative bacteria (584 strains, 66.6%), Gram-positive bacteria (239 strains, 27.2%) and fungi (54 strains, 6.2%); male patients (591 cases, 67.4%), female patients (286 cases, 32.6%); inpatients (780 cases, 88.9%), outpatient and emergency patients (97 cases, 11.1%); the main primary diseases of BSI patients were hypertension, cerebral infarction and type 2 diabetes, and the main primary infections were pulmonary infection and urinary system infection. Intensive care unit (25.2%, 221 cases), emergency department (10.9%, 96 cases), oncology department (9.1%, 80 cases), nephrology department (6.8%, 60 cases) and hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery department (4.3%, 38 cases) had the highest proportion of pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Viridans group streptococci and Candida albicans were the most frequently isolated pathogens. The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were 3.4%, 15.2% and 36.4% respectively. The carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli was not checked out. The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus were 18.5% and 79.1% respectively. Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria are the most common pathogens of BSI, and inpatients are the main source of BSI. Age, underlying diseases and primary infection are the risk factors of BSI. Clinical laboratories should strengthen the etiological monitoring of high-risk patients with BSI, and the resistance analysis of common antibiotics can provide a basis for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice.