郑州市2012—2020年输入性疟疾流行病学分析

目的 分析郑州市2012—2020年报告输入性疟疾流行病学特征,为进一步做好郑州市输入性疟疾防控工作提供基础资料。方法 对“中国疾病监测信息系统”和“寄生虫病防治信息管理系统”2012—2020年郑州市报告疟疾确诊病例个案信息进行流行病学分析,并对消除前（2012—2016年）和消除后（2017—2020年）疟疾报告特征进行分析。结果 2012—2020年郑州市报告疟疾病例594例,均为输入性,恶性疟为主79.5%（472/594）;报告病例前三位年份为2014年（85例）、2013年（84例）、2016年（84例）,2020年最低（18例）;男性585例,女性9例;报告外地病例403例（67.8%）;恶性疟比例总体呈下降趋势,由2012年的96.7%（59/61）下降到2020年的66.7%（12/18）,卵形疟比例呈上升趋势,由2012年的1.6%（1/61）上升到2020年的27.80%（5/18）（χ²=0.001,P<0.05）;初诊在医疗机构比例呈上升趋势,由2012年的73.8%（45/61）上升到2020年的100.0%（18/18）,初诊在疾控机构比例呈下降趋势,由2012年的19.7%（12/61）下降到2020年的0%（0/18）（χ²=36.625,P<0.05）,初诊阳性率为54.0%（321/594）;消除前报告病例376例,消除后报告病例218例,初诊单位和报告单位：医疗机构比例消除后均高于消除前,疾控机构比例消除后均低于消除前;初诊在医疗机构的阳性诊断率：消除后阳性比例高于消除前。结论 输入性恶性疟为主和不断增加的卵形疟是郑州市疟疾防控的主要挑战,应发挥好疾控机构、医疗机构、出入境检验检疫机构各自优势,做好消除后疟疾防控工作。

Epidemiological analysis of imported malaria in Zhengzhou, 2012-2020

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reported imported malaria in Zhengzhou from 2012 to 2020, and to provide basic information for further efforts to prevent and control imported malaria in Zhengzhou. Methods The individual information of malaria cases reported in Zhengzhou from 2012 to 2020 by "China Information System for Disease Control and prevention" and "Information Management System for Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention" was collected and analyzed. And pre elimination (2012-2016) and post elimination (2017-2020) malaria reporting characteristics were analyzed. Results From 2012 to 2020, a total of 594 confirmed malaria cases were reported in Zhengzhou, all of which were imported cases, dominated by Plasmodium falciparum (472 cases, 79.5%). The first three years of reporting cases were 2014 (85 cases), 2013 (84 cases), 2016 (84 cases), and the lowest was 2020 (18 cases); There were 585 males and 9 females; A total of 403 domestically imported cases (67.8%) were reported;The proportion of Plasmodium falciparum showed a decreasing trend, from 96.7% (59/61) in 2012 to 66.7% (12/18) in 2020, The proportion of Plasmodium ovale showed an increasing trend, from 1.6% (1/61) in 2012 to 27.80% (5/18) in 2020 (χ²=0.001, P<0.05); The proportion of initial diagnosis in medical institutions increased from 73.8% (45/61) in 2012 to 100.0% (18/18) in 2020. The proportion of initial diagnosis in CDC decreased from 19.7% (12/61) in 2012 to 0% (0/18) in 2020 (χ²=36.625, P<0.05). The positive rate of initial diagnosis was 54.0% (321/594); 376 cases were reported before elimination and 218 cases after elimination. The ratios of the initial diagnosis unit and the reporting unit: medical institution after elimination were all higher than before elimination, and the ratios of the disease control unit after elimination were lower than before elimination (P<0.05); The rate of positive diagnoses at the medical institution at initial diagnosis: the proportion of positives after elimination was higher than before elimination (P<0.05). Conclusion s Imported falciparum malaria predominant and increasing ovoid malaria is a major challenge for malaria prevention and control in Zhengzhou. All the advantages disease control agencies, medical institutes, and entry/exit inspection and quarantine institutions should be realized, so that post elimination malaria control and prevention can be done.