河北省新型冠状病毒肺炎四次社区传播流行特征分析

目的分析河北省四次输入导致的新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)社区传播疫情特征,为该病防控提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学分析中国疾病预防控制信息系统中报告的2020年1月1日—2021年12月31日河北省新冠肺炎四次社区传播新冠肺炎疫情特征。结果2020年1月1日—2021年12月31日,河北省共发生四次新冠肺炎输入导致的社区传播疫情,分别与湖北(武汉)、北京新发地市场、境外和内蒙古额济纳旗输入有关,共报告病例1656例(确诊病例1420例,无症状感染者236例),其中第1次(A阶段,2020年1月22日—4月16日)报告病例375例,第2次(B阶段,2020年6月14日—6月24日)报告病例27例,第3次(C阶段,2021年1月2日—2月14日)报告病例1116例,第4次(D阶段,2021年10月23日—11月14日)报告病例138例。1656例病例分布在全省11个设区市(占100.00%)的104个县(市、区),占全省县总数的60.46%。男743例,女913例,男女性别比为0.81∶1。年龄13天~94岁,年龄中位数40.3岁,30~<70岁发病占64.01%。职业以农民和学生为主,分别占病例总数的54.41%、14.73%。在1420例确诊病例中,轻型312例(占21.97%);普通型1095例(占77.11%);重型1例、危重型12例,分别占0.07%、0.85%,7例死亡病例年龄为61.0~85.7岁。病例从发病到诊断时间中位数1.9 d(0~31 d),病例住院时间平均(中位数)15 d(1.5~56 d)。结论河北省四次新冠肺炎疫情在大小规模、持续时间、发病人群、疫情输入来源与类型等存在一定差异,但又存在一些共同特征,如疫情主要发生在法定节假日期间或之后,疫情首发地和波及区域主要在农村地区,聚集性疫情是主要的传播方式等。为此,应特别加强假日期间流动人员的管理,强化人员高度聚集场所疫情防控措施的落实;加强农村地区、农贸市场、医务人员等重点地区、重点人群疫情监测,做到早发现,及时处置,防止疫情蔓延。

Epidemiological characteristics of four times of community transmission of COVID-19 in Hebei

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of community transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by four imported cases in Hebei Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of four community-transmitted COVID-19 outbreaks reported in the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 in Hebei Province.Results From January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021, four community-transmitted COVID-19 outbreaks caused by imported COVID-19 occurred in Hebei Province, respectively related of Hubei (Wuhan) Province, Beijing Xinfadi market, Overseas cases and Ejina banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Total of 1 656 cases (1 420 confirmed cases and 236 asymptomatic cases) were reported, including 375 cases in phase A (From January 22 to April 16, 2020), and phase B (from June 14 to June 24, 2020) 27 cases were reported, with 1 116 cases reported in the third phase (Phase C, January 2 to February 14, 2021), and 138 cases reported in the fourth phase (Phase D, October 23 to November 14, 2021). The 1 656 cases were distributed in 104 counties of 11 districts (100.00%), accounting for 60.46% of the total number of counties in the province. There were 743 male cases and 913 female cases, with a male to female ratio of 0.81∶1. The minimum age was 13 days, the maximum age was 94 years old, and the average age (median) was 40.3 years old. The incidence was 64.01% between 30 and 70 years old. Farmers and students accounted for 54.41% and 14.73% of the total cases respectively. Of the 1 420 confirmed cases, 312 were mild cases, accounting for 21.97%; Common type 1 095 cases (77.11%); There was 1 severe case and 12 critical cases, accounting for 0.07% and 0.85%, respectively. 7 patients died from 61.0 to 85.7 years old. The mean (median) time from onset to diagnosis was 1.9 days (0-31 days), and the mean (median) time of hospital stay was 15 days (1.5-56 days). Conclusions Four times in Hebei province COVID-19 outbreak in scale, duration, population, epidemic and type of input source, there are some certain difference, but there are some common characteristics, such as the outbreak occurs mainly during the legal holidays or after starting and spreading epidemic area is mainly in rural areas, aggregation epidemic is the main mode of transmission, etc. To this end, special efforts should be made to strengthen the management of people moving around during holidays, and strengthen the implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures in places with high concentration of people. To prevent the spread of the epidemic, we will step up surveillance in rural areas, farmers' markets, medical workers and other key areas and groups, and ensure early detection and timely response.