银川市2010—2019年7~13岁儿童青少年肺活量变化趋势及影响因素

  目的  了解2010—2019年宁夏银川市儿童青少年肺功能水平及变化趋势，为提出相应的改善和干预措施提供参考。  方法  多阶段分层整群随机抽取银川市3区(兴庆区、金凤区、西夏区)7~13岁儿童青少年作为研究对象，进行体格检查。利用2010，2014，2019年3次调查中肺活量的资料，分析该群体城乡、不同年龄和不同性别间的变化趋势，并探讨影响因素。  结果  2010—2019年银川市城市和农村7~13岁儿童青少年肺活量呈上升趋势(F值分别为194.48，382.47，P值均<0.01)，分别增加410.89，554.46 mL，2014年城市学生肺活量高于农村学生，但2019年肺活量水平低于农村学生。按年龄和性别分层后，城乡趋势保持一致，但城市各年龄组学生肺活量在2014—2019年有所下降。多元线性回归分析显示，身高、体重、50 m跑、学校存在“挤占”或“不上”体育与健康课的现象、上体育与健康课在运动时的感觉、平均每天上课间操的次数、是否使用计步设备、可穿戴设备或者运动APP、每天从家到学校的时间、做运动和不做运动的认同程度等均为2019年儿童青少年肺活量的影响因素(β=-185.70~54.94，P值均<0.05)。  结论  银川市7~13岁儿童青少年肺活量呈上升趋势，体质指标和体育锻炼情况是儿童青少年肺活量的影响因素。需对学生继续加强健康管理，提高学生的体育锻炼意识。

Analysis of the changing trend and influencing factors of vital capacity of children and adolescents aged 7-13 years in Yinchuan from 2010 to 2019

  Objective  To understand and analyze the level and trend of lung function of children and adolescents in Yinchuan, Ningxia from 2010 to 2019, and to explore the influencing factors of vital capacity.  Methods  Children and adolescents aged 7-13 years were randomly selected from Xingqing District, Jinfeng District and Xixia District of Yinchuan. Based on the data of vital capacity from three surveys in 2010, 2014 and 2019, the trends of changes across residence, ages and sex in 2010-2019 were analyzed, and the influencing factors were explored.  Results  From 2010 to 2019, the vital capacity of children and adolescents aged 7-13 years in urban and rural Yinchuan showed an upward trend(F=194.48, 382.47, P<0.01), with an increasing amount of 410.89 and 554.46 mL, respectively. In 2014, the vital capacity of urban students was higher than that of rural students, but it was lower than rural students in 2019. After stratified by age and sex, its trend was consistent with that of urban and rural areas, but students in all age groups in urban areas declined in 2014-2019. Height, weight, 50 m running, the phenomenon of "crowding out" or "Not attending" physical education and health class in school, the feeling of taking physical education and health class when exercising, the average time spent on exercises between classes every day, whether using pedometer, wearable equipment or exercise APP, travel time to school every day, the recognition on sports, were associated with vital capacity in children and adolescents (β=-185.70, -54.94, P<0.05).  Conclusion  In recent years, the vital capacity of 7-13-year-old children and adolescents in Yinchuan has shown an increasing trend. Physical fitness indicators and physical activity are influencing factors of lung capacity in children and adolescents. In the future, health management for students should be strengthened and students' awareness of physical exercise should be improved.