环介导等温扩增技术在诊断结核病中的研究进展

环介导等温扩增（loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP）技术是利用两对特殊设计的引物和链置换活性的DNA聚合酶,在恒温条件下对目的片段进行特异、高效扩增的技术。LAMP技术具有简单、快速、特异、灵敏、经济等优点,因此在结核分枝杆菌的现场快速检测和基层应用中具有广阔前景。基于此,本文主要阐述了LAMP 技术的基本原理和特点、诊断结核病的主要分子标志物,以及利用不同的分子标志物和各种类型的新型技术在诊断肺结核、肺外结核、耐药性结核病中的应用。LAMP 技术在诊断结核病中已经得到了广泛的应用,且具有较高的灵敏性和特异性,但该技术仍存在部分缺陷。本文综述了近年来LAMP 技术在结核病中的应用进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望,以期在资源有限的环境中为结核病的快速诊断提供合理的研究方向。

Advances in loop-mediated isothermal amplification in the diagnosis of tuberculosis

The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique is a technique for the specific and efficient amplification of target fragments at a constant temperature using two pairs of specially designed primers and a strand displacement activity DNA polymerase. LAMP technique is a simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and cost-effective nucleic acid amplification method, and therefore has a promising future in the field rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and grassroots applications. In this review, the basic principles and characteristics of the LAMP technique, the main molecular markers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and the use of different molecular markers and various types of novel techniques in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and drug-resistant tuberculosis were described. The LAMP technique has been widely used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis with high sensitivity and specificity, but the technique still has some shortcomings. This paper reviews the progress of its application in tuberculosis in recent years and provides an outlook on its development, with a view to providing a rational research direction for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in a resource-limited environment.