母亲童年期不良经历与学龄前儿童母子关系的关联

  目的  探讨母亲童年期不良经历(adverse childhood experiences, ACEs)对母子关系的影响，为提高亲子关系水平、促进儿童身心健康发展提供参考。  方法  采用分层整群抽样，于2021年6月选取安徽省3个地区36所幼儿园的3~6岁儿童为基线研究对象，于2021年12月收集随访资料，共6 111名儿童纳入研究。采用童年期不良经历问卷(ACEs-IQ)和儿童-家长关系量表(CPRS)分别评估母亲ACEs和母子关系，通过多元线性回归模型分析母亲ACEs与学龄前儿童母子关系的关联。  结果  母亲童年期性虐待、躯体忽视和同伴欺凌与母子亲密呈负相关(r值分别为-0.03，-0.03，-0.03)，母亲情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视、同伴欺凌、社区暴力、家庭功能不全与母子依赖和母子冲突均呈正相关(r值分别为0.09，0.08，0.05，0.14，0.06，0.11，0.08，0.04;0.18，0.17，0.07，0.20，0.11，0.16，0.12，0.10)(P值均 < 0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示，母亲各种类型ACEs与男童亲密性母子关系关联均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)，有躯体虐待、性虐待和同伴欺凌史的母亲与女童亲密性母子关系关联有统计学意义(β值分别为-0.17，-0.62，-0.19，P值均 < 0.05);母亲各种类型ACEs对男女童冲突性母子关系均有正向预测作用(β=0.37~1.96，P值均 < 0.05);母亲童年期性虐待与男童依赖性母子关系呈正相关(β=0.53，P < 0.05)，与女童依赖性母子关系关联无统计学意义(P>0.05)，母亲其他类型ACEs对依赖性母子关系均有正向预测作用(β=0.09~0.41，P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  母亲ACEs与学龄前儿童不良母子关系有关，关注有ACEs的母亲对改善亲子关系、促进儿童健康发展具有重要意义。

Association of maternal adverse childhood experiences and parent-child relationship in preschool children

  Objective  To explore the relationship of maternal adverse childhood experiences(ACEs) with mother-child relationship, so as to provide reference for parent-child relationship and child health promotion.  Methods  In June 2021, children aged 3-6 years old of 36 kindergartens in three areas in Anhui Province were selected by stratified cluster sampling method, follow-up data were collected in December 2021, and a total of 6 111 children were included in the study. Maternal ACEs and mother-child relationship were respectively assessed using the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire(ACEs-IQ)and the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS). A multiple linear regression model was established to analyze the association of maternal ACEs and mother-child relationship in preschool children.  Results  History of maternal childhood sexual abuse, physical neglect and peer bullying were negatively associated with mother-child intimacy (r=-0.03, -0.03, -0.03, P < 0.05). Maternal emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, peer bullying, community violence, and total family dysfunction were positively associated with mother-child dependence and mother-child conflict (r=0.09, 0.08, 0.05, 0.14, 0.06, 0.11, 0.08, 0.04; 0.18, 0.17, 0.07, 0.20, 0.11, 0.16, 0.12, 0.10, P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant between all types of maternal ACEs and mother-child intimacy in boys(P>0.05). Mothers with a history of physical abuse, sexual abuse and peer bullying had a statistically significant relationship between mother-child intimacy in girls(β=-0.17, -0.62, -0.19, P < 0.05). All types of maternal ACEs were positive predictors of mother-child conflict between boys and girls(β=0.37-1.96, P < 0.05). There was statistical significance between maternal childhood sexual abuse and mother-child dependence of boys(β=0.53, P < 0.05), but no statistical significance between maternal childhood sexual abuse and mother-child dependence of girls(P>0.05). All other types of maternal ACEs were positive predictors of mother-child dependence(β=0.09-0.41, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Maternal ACEs are associated with poor mother-child relationship among preschool children, and maternal ACEs should be actively followed, which is of great significance for improving the parent-child relationship and promoting child healthy development.