甘肃省文县、迭部县家犬感染利什曼原虫危险因素研究

目的 了解甘肃省黑热病流行区犬感染利什曼原虫的危险因素,为探索犬源型黑热病防控新方法提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法 确定文县兴隆村和迭部县洛大村为研究点。入户调查家犬的基本状况和症状体征,采集犬血并用PCR方法开展检测。运用IBM SPSS 23.0、Pearson χ²检验和多元Logistic回归方法评估犬的基本情况、临床症状和阳性感染犬之间的影响关系,筛选犬感染利什曼原虫的危险因素。结果 共调查2县家犬537只,利什曼原虫PCR 检测阳性率41.15%（221/537）。单因素回归显示豢养方式（χ²=12.357,P<0.05）、精神是/否活跃（χ²=11.883,P<0.05）、眼睑有/无分泌物（χ²=4.314,P<0.05）和趾甲是/否增长（χ²=37.292,P<0.05）4个变量与犬感染利什曼原虫差异有统计学意义。犬的性别、犬龄、身高、体重、品种、犬毛长短6个变量之间与犬感染利什曼原虫差异无统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归显示：犬的豢养方式OR=3.051,CI=（0.965~9.645）]与犬感染利什曼原虫存在显著的相关性。结论 在甘肃省文县、迭部县存在大量利什曼原虫感染犬,犬放养是当地家犬感染利什曼原虫的危险因素,应加大群众防治黑热病意识,改善管理犬只方式,疾控部门加强犬监测,对有症状犬采取淘汰措施,减少黑热病传染源。

Risk factors analysis of canines infected Leishmania in Wenxian and Diebu counties of Gansu

Objective To investigate the risk factors effect Leishmania infection in canines in the endemic areas of kala-azar in Gansu Province, and we provide the basis data for exploring new methods for the prevention and control transmission of canine-derived kala-azar. Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was applied to selecting Xinglong Village of Wenxian County and Luoda Village of Diabu County as the investigation sites. The general conditions, symptoms and signs of the canis familiars were investigated, and the blood samples was collected and detected by PCR. Using IBM SPSS 23.0, Pearson χ² test and multiple Logistic regression to evaluate the factors as basic conditions, clinical symptoms which effect on canines infected with Leishmania, and to screen the risk factors for Leishmania infection. Results A total of 537 canis familiaris were examined, and the positive rate of Leishmania detected by PCR method was 41.15% (221/537). Using univariate regression for analysis, for the four factors as feed methods (χ²=12.357,P<0.05), active or inactive of mental state (χ²=11.883,P<0.05), blephar secretions (χ²=4.314,P<0.05) and toenail growth or normal (χ²=37.292,P<0.05), there has significant difference in canis familiaris infected with Leishmania. No significant difference existed between two groups when five factors such as gender, age, height, weight and breed be applied for analysis. Using multiple Logistic regression analysis, the related coefficient on factors of the way of breeding OR=3.051, confidence interval (CI) =(0.965-9.645)] was significant in canis familiaris infected with Leishmania. Conclusion There are a large number of Leishmania infected canis familiaris in Wenxian and Diebu counties of Gansu Province. Short-hair dogs and dog stocking are the risk factors of Leishmania infection in local canis familiaris. It is necessary to increase public awareness of the prevention and control of Leishmania, improve the management of dogs, strengthen dog monitoring, take measures to eliminate symptomatic dogs, and reduce the source of Leishmania infection.