海南地区血红扇头蜱的生物学特性及对宿主的影响

目的 对野外采集的蜱进行形态学与分子生物学鉴定,确定种属并完成该蜱的实验室人工饲养,研究该蜱虫的生物学特性及其对宿主的影响。方法 在体视镜显微镜下观察蜱的形态学特征,并结合分子生物学的方法扩增蜱虫线粒体16srRNA目的基因,进一步确定蜱的种属;利用改进的实验室人工蜱喂养系统在新西兰白兔体表寄生蜱虫,分析其各时期的形态学变化和生活史特性,最后用全自动血细胞分析仪测定寄生与未寄生新西兰白兔血液的14项血常规指标。结果 根据蜱形态学分析,雌雄蜱的假头基呈六角扇形,腹部肛沟明显,雌蜱腹部可看到明显的生殖孔和肛门,具有明显的缘垛;PCR扩增16srRNA 1.5%琼脂糖凝胶在约460 bp处有目的条带,确定野外采集蜱为血红扇头蜱（Rhipicephalus sanguineus）。在相对温度28 ℃,相对湿度（90±5）%的实验室环境下,血红扇头蜱发育1个完整的世代需要61~83 d,并表现出宿主单一性,即在不更换宿主的情况下,幼蜱、若蜱和成蜱均在新西兰白兔上寄生; 新西兰白兔寄生蜱6次后,体质量和体温降低,白细胞数（WBC）、淋巴细胞百分比率（LYM）等升高。结论 在相对温度28 ℃,相对湿度（90±5）%的实验室环境下,血红扇头蜱完成一个世代的发育需要61~83 d,并且寄生后新西兰兔表现出体质量体温降低,有炎性感染、轻度脱水和贫血症状。

Biological characteristics and artificial laboratory rearing of Rhipicephalus sanguineus in Hainan

Objective To identify the tick collected in the field by morphology and molecular biology, determine the species and complete the artificial breeding of the tick in the laboratory, and optimize the traditional artificial breeding method of ticks. Methods The morphological characteristics of the ticks were observed under a stereoscopic microscope, and the tick mitochondrial 16srRNA target gene was amplified by the method of molecular biology to further determine the species of the tick. The ticks were parasitized on the surface of New Zealand white rabbits by an improved laboratory artificial rearing method, and the ticks in different periods were analyzed. An automatic blood cell analyzer determined morphological changes, life history characteristics, and finally, 14 blood routine indexes of New Zealand white rabbit blood before and after parasitism. Results According to tick morphological analysis, the pseudo head base of male and female ticks is hexagonal fan-shaped, and the abdominal anal groove is obvious. The female ticks have obvious genital pores and anus in the abdomen, with obvious border stacks; PCR amplification of 16srRNA 1.5% agarose gel glue has a purposeful band at about 460 bp, which confirms the wild-collected tick as Rhipicephalus sanguineus. In the laboratory environment with a temperature of 28 ℃ and relative humidity of (90±5)%, Rh. sanguineus developed a whole generation. It takes 61 to 83 days and shows host monogeneity; without changing the host, larvae, nymphs, and adult ticks all parasitize New Zealand white rabbits; The number of white blood cells (WBC) and the percentage of lymphocytes (LYM) increased. Conclusion In a laboratory environment with a relative temperature of 28 °C and relative humidity of (90±5)%, it takes 61-83 days to complete a generation of development, and New Zealand rabbits show a decrease in body weight and body temperature after parasitism, which is inflammatory symptoms of infection, mild dehydration, and anemia.