地震灾害对应急救援军队医护人员心理健康状况影响的调查研究

目的 探讨地震灾害对应急救援军队医护人员心理健康状况的影响.方法 随机选取解放军255医院参加汶川地震抗震救灾应急救援医护人员为研究对象,共发放问卷120份,回收有效问卷60份,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)测试心理健康水平,用应对方式量表测评应对行为类型,并对其心理健康状况与应对方式的相关性进行分析.结果 应急救援军队医护人员SCL-90各因子中躯体化、焦虑评分显著高于中国常模,强迫、敌对、偏执、抑郁和精神病性评分均显著低于中国常模,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);应对方式的使用程度依次是解决问题、求助、躲避、幻想、合理化和自责;SCL-90各因子与解决问题方式呈显著负相关,除躯体化、恐怖外,SCL-90各因子与求助呈显著负相关,与幻想、自责呈显著正相关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 应急救援医护人员在应急救援过程中受到了不同程度的心理伤害,采取成熟的应对方式可有效缓解压力,维护心理健康.

Investigation of the Influence of Earthquake Disaster on the Mental Health of Emergency Rescue Medical Staff of PLA

Objective To discuss the influence of earthquake disaster on the mental health of emergency rescue medical staff of PLA.Methods The medical staff of 255th Hospital of PLA who participated in the Wenchuan Earthquake rescue missions were randomly selected for this study.120 copies of questionnaire were issued and 60 were retrieved.SCL-90 was used to measure the mental health condition and the coping style scale was used to measure the coping behavior style,then a correlation study was made between the two.Results Scores of SCL-90 in somatization and anxiety were higher than those of Chinese normals,scores of the evaluation of force,hostility,bigotry,depression and psychosis were clearly lower than those of Chinese normals,and both the differences were statistically significant（P0.05,P0.01）;the coping styles were different in degrees： to solve problems,to ask for help,to escape,to fancy,to rationalize and to blame oneself;the SCL-90 factors were obviously negatively correlated with problem solving styles,and except somatization and horror,the SCL 90 factors were also negatively correlated with asking for help but positively correlated with fantasy and self-blaming（P0.05,P0.01）.Conclusion It is evident that the emergency rescue medical staff suffered from certain types of psychdogical disorders after their rescue missions and a mature coping style is helpful in relieving pressure and maintaining mental health.