某企业噪声作业工人听力损伤调查研究

目的了解某企业噪声作业工人听力损伤情况的动态变化，为控制和消除职业性听力损伤的发生提供依据。方法回顾性分析我单位对某企业接触噪声作业且工作岗位相对固定的工人2008—2012年的纯音听力检查结果，并对听力损害与工龄、年份、工种（车间）的关系分别进行统计学分析。结果有效调查1929人次，高频听力损失检出率为11．51％（222）显著高于语频听力损失检出率8．09％（156）有统计学意义（χ^2=12．78，P〈0．01）；2008年与2012年高频及语频听力损失差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。其余各年份间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；工龄组在6年与9年比较时，高频及语频听力损失差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。其余各年龄组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；工种（车间）不同听力损失有差异，综合车间、工艺车间LAeq8h（8h等效连续A声级）噪声暴露水平高的岗位，听力损伤程度大于噪声暴露水平低的岗位。结论噪声暴露时间越长、暴露水平（剂量）越高，听力损伤率越高，且高频听力损失明显高于语频听力损失。

Survey on Occupational Noise Induced Hearing Loss in an Enterprise

Objective To understand the status of hearing impairment in workers working in the noise environment at an en- terprise for controlling and eliminating occupational hearing damage. Methods Test of Audio acuity was retrospectively summed up in noise exposure workers in an enterprise from 2008 to 2012. The database was set up and the statistical analysis was processed with SAS software. Results Totally 1929 workers were effectively investigated. The high-frequency hearing loss rate （ 11.51% ） was higher than the speech-frequency loss rate（ 8.09% ） （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The high-frequency hearing loss rate and the speech-frequency loss rate in 2012 were all higher than those in 2008 （ P 〈 0.05 ）, both were no significant difference between the remainder of the year （ P 〉 0.05 ）, both in group of 9 years working ages were all higher than those in group of 6 years working ages （ P 〈 0.05）, Both were no significant difference between the remainder group of working ages. Hearing damage degree in working post with higher noise exposure was higher than that in. working post with low noise exposure.. Conclusion Noise is harmful to the heating capacity of workers. There was higher and higher rate of hearing impairment with the increasing of time and level exposed to noise and more serious damage in the high-frequency hearing than that in the speech-frequency.