关于肱骨滑车上孔的研究

目的　验证滑车上孔是否具有人种、性别和侧别差异 ,并探讨滑车上孔的成因。方法　本文观察肱骨 2 88副 (青岛 81,长春 49,通辽 77,广西 81) ,其中男 2 0 1副和女 87副 ;另随机观察青岛地区 10岁～ 80岁 177名健康人 (男 90 ,女 87)双肘正位X线片。结果　①滑车上孔出现率 :按人计为 15 5 0 %± 1 6 7% (男 11 30 % ,女 2 2 40 % ) ,按侧计为 10 6 0 %± 1 0 1% (男6 70 % ,女 17 2 0 % ) ;骨骼按人计为 19 40 %± 2 33% (男 13 90 % ,女 32 2 0 % ) ,按侧计为 12 80 %± 1 39% (男 8 40 % ,女2 3 0 0 % ) ;X线片按人计为 9 0 0 %± 2 15 % (男 5 6 0 % ,女 12 6 0 % ) ,按侧计为 7 14%± 1 43% (男 2 80 % ,女 11 5 0 % )。以上均具有明显的性别差异 (P <0 0 1) ,骨骼与X线片也存在明显的差异 ;②除长春地区外 ,全部侧别差异不显著 (u =0～ 1 0 2 ) ;③滑车上孔形状 ,以椭圆形最多 (6 1 80 % ) ,肾形次之 (2 0 0 0 % ) ,圆形最少 (18 2 0 % ) ;④滑车上孔孔径 :最大径为 (5 2 5± 0 0 5 ) (1～ 12 80 )mm ,最小径为 (3 72± 0 0 3) (1～ 8 5 )mm。X线片放大率孔径 (10 5 3± 0 76 )mm较骨骼 5 97± 0 46mm为大。结论　滑车上孔的种族差异非常显著 ,黑种人出现率最高 ,白种人最低

Study on the supratrochlear foramen in the humerus

Objective To Verify the differences of race and sex on the supratrochlear foramen(STF) as well as to make an inquiry into the formative origin of the STF. Method The incidence and shapes of the STF on 288 pairs of humerus(Qingdao 81,Changchun 49,Tonliao 77,Guangxi 81) were observed,among which 201 were males,and 87 were females. In addition,177 persons′(M90,F87) bilateral X ray films of elbow on anteroposterior position,aged 10 to 80 years,were observed randomly,and the STF′s sizes were measured by electric digital caliper. Results The incidence of the STF by person was 15 50%±1 67%(M11 30%,F22 40%),and by side,10 60%±1 01%(M6 70%,F17 20%). The incidence of the bony specimen by person was 19 40%±2 33%(M13 90%,F32 20%),and 12 80%±1 39%(M8 40%,F23 00%) by side;while the incidence of the STF on X ray films was 9 00%±2 15%(M5 60%,F12 60%) by person,and by side was 7 14%±1 43%(M2 80%,F11 50%). The incidence by age before twenty years was 18 00%±4 53%(M7 90%,F29 40%),whereas after twenty,it was 4 2%±1 20%(M1 4,F7 1%). In all groups above the incidences of STF showed a greater frequency in females than in males, but there was no difference between left side and right side,except among the males in Tongliao. The shapes of the STF,the ellipse shape was most frequent(61 80%),kidney shape was second(20 00%),and a round shape was in least frequent(18 20%). The average maximum diameter of the STF was (5 25±0 05)mm(1～12 8mm),and the minimum diameter was (3 72±0 03)mm(1～8 5mm),while they were (10 53±0 76)mm(1 8～16 4mm) and (5 97±0 46)(1 8～10mm),respcetively on X ray films. Conclusion Comparing the racial data,a much higher incidence was found among Negroes than Caucasoid,while the incidence of Mongoloid was in middle. As to formative factors,according to our data,we agree with the theory of atavistic origin. We disagree with the theories of mechanical reaction to hyperextension of the elbow or as a result of a disturbance in the calcium metabolism during the period of ossification of the bone.