老年人下肢动脉硬化闭塞症腔内治疗效果分析

目的 分析老年人下肢动脉硬化闭塞症腔内治疗的临床效果及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性总结2006年1月至2008年11月收治的86例(98条肢体)下肢动脉硬化闭塞症老年患者的临床资料.本组患者男性56例,女性30例;年龄60～82岁,平均(70±6)岁.临床症状包括重度间歇性跛行54条肢体,静息痛28条肢体,肢体溃疡11条肢体,严重坏疽5条肢体.主髂动脉病变25条肢体,股腘动脉段病变33条肢体,胫腓动脉病变8条肢体,髂股腘动脉多节段病变32条肢体.全部患者接受下肢动脉腔内治疗,总结围手术期要点及影响预后的主要因素.结果 急诊手术8条肢体,择期手术90条肢体.单纯行球囊成形10条肢体,球囊成形+支架植入88条肢体.手术成功率95.9%,围手术期严重并发症5例(5.1%),其中心肌梗死2例,一期大腿截肢2例,不可逆造影剂肾病1例.无围手术期死亡.全组83例患者术后随访1～35个月,平均(18±10)个月,随访率96.5%.随访期内死亡2例,病死率2.3%.血管一期通畅率83.7%,二期通畅率94.9%.踝关节以上截肢4例,保肢率95.9%;另有6例行截趾或截足.因素分析显示,治疗效果与糖尿病史、缺血程度和病变范围相关.结论 下肢动脉腔内重建具有微创、安全以及可重复性等优点,应作为治疗老年下肢缺血首先考虑的治疗方法.糖尿病史、缺血程度和病变范围是影响下肢动脉腔内重建效果的主要因素.

Endovascular revascularization for lower extremity atherosclerosis obliterans in elderly patients: a report of 86 cases

Objective To analyze the outcome and risk factors of endovascular revascularization of lower limb artery for elder patients. Methods From January 2006 to November 2008, 86 elder patients (98 iachemia limbs) underwent endovascular revascularization due to lower limb ischemia. Age of this group were 60 to 82 years old with a mean of (70±6) years old. Fifty-four limbs (55.0%) had severe intermittent claudication, 28 limbs (28.6%) had rest pain, 11 limbs (11.2%) had ulcer, and 5 limbs (5.1%) had gangrene. Sixty-six limbs were mono segment disease, including 25 aorta-iliac lesions, 33 femoral-popliteal lesions and 8 infra-popliteal lesions. Thirty-two limbs were multiple segment disease involving 2 or 3 segment lesions. Mortality, morbidity, primary pateney, secondary pateney and limb salvage were retrospectively analyzed. Risk factors on outcome were also evaluated. Results Ten limbs underwent angioplasty, while the rest 88 limbs underwent angioplasty plus primary stent implantation. The total operation success rate was 95.9%. Perioperative mortality within the first 30 d was 0. Perioperative morbidity within the first 30 d was 5 cases (5.1%), including 2 myocardial infarction, 2 major amputations and 1 irreversible contrast-induced nephropathy. Follow-up duration were 1 to 35 months with a mean of (18±10) months. Eighty-three (96.5%) patients had effectively follow-up. Mortality was 2.3% (2 cases died due to myocardial infarction). Primary patency rate was 83.7%, secondary patency rate was 94.9% and limb salvage rate was 95.9%. Risk factor analysis showed that diabetes mellitas, critical ischemia and multiple segment lesions were associated with worse patency. Conclusions Endovascular treatment is effective, safe and repeatable revascularization for elder patients of Critical lower limb ischemia. Patients with diabetes mellitus, critical ischemia and multiple segment lesions should be paid more attention because their rather worse outcome.