脑出血损伤的动物模型及治疗策略的研究进展

脑出血是指脑实质内血管破裂引起的出血,是脑卒中的一种类型,占全部卒中的10%~15%。脑出血的发病率和病死率都非常高,而且目前对于它的发病机制尚不完全清楚。因此,根据目前的临床循证医学依据,还没有明确有效的医疗手段可以改善患者的生存率和预后。作为基础研究的重要工具,脑出血动物模型的发展和应用,有力地促进了对脑出血的病理生理过程的了解,改善了对脑出血导致的脑损伤的分子机制的认识。此外,在脑出血动物模型上的研究促成了多个潜在治疗策略的提出,比如抑制凝血酶活性、减少脑出血导致的炎症损伤等。另外,近期干细胞领域的研究工作提示,细胞移植治疗在脑出血治疗中可能将具有很好的前景。笔者对脑出血动物模型的发展和应用,以及脑出血治疗策略的进展情况做一综述。

Research progress on animal model and potential therapeutic strategy in intracerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to bleeding within the brain parenchyma due to the rupture of blood vessels, and is a highly lethal stroke subtype, accounting for nearly 10%-15% of all strokes. The morbidity and mortality of ICH are very high and its pathophysiological mechanisms are currently not fully understood. Therefore, based on current clinical evidence-based medicine, there is no definite and effective medical treatment that can improve the prognosis and survival of patients available yet. As an important tool for basic research, the development and application of the ICH animal model promoted the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and molecular mechanisms leading to brain injury by ICH. Recently, the ICH animal model studies contributed to a number of proposed potential therapeutic strategies, such as the inhibition of thrombin and the reduction of pro-inflammatory pathways. In addition, recent research of stem cells suggested that cell transplantation therapy for the treatment of ICH may also have good prospects. In this review, we discuss the development and application of animal models for studies on ICH and the advances regarding the potential therapeutic strategies for ICH.