眼局部用药致全身药物不良反应分析

目的 探讨眼局部用药致全身药物不良反应(ADR)的临床特点及发生规律，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 检索1990年1月至2010年12月中国知网全文数据库(CNKI)和中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)医药学术期刊报道的有关眼局部用药引起的全身ADR文献104篇，共140例，进行统计分析。结果 眼局部用药致全身ADR以＞60岁的老年人和≤10岁的儿童居多；给药方式以滴眼为主，占87.9％；用药后1～30min出现ADR的比例较大，占39.3％；涉及药物28种，以阿托品、噻吗洛尔居多；临床表现复杂多样，严重者可致死亡。结论 临床应重视眼局部用药致全身ADR，合理使用眼用制剂，确保用药安全。

Analysis on systemic adverse drug reactions after topical administration in eyes

Objective To analyze the characteristics and regularity of systemic adverse drug reactions (ADR) after topical administration in eyes and to provide a reference for rational use of therapeutic drugs. Methods One hundred and forty cases of systemic ADR induced by ocular administration in 104 literatures were collected from CNKI and VIP between January 1990 to December 2010 and analyzed statistically. Results The systemic ADR induced by ocular administration easily happened to aged people( ＞ 60 years) and children( ≤ 10 years). 87.9％ADR cases were mainly caused by administration in conjunctival sac. 39.3％ of ADR cases were occurred within 130 minutes after medication. Among 140 ADR cases, 28 kinds of drugs were involved, in which atropine and timolol were frequent. Clinical manifestation of ADR cases were various and some serious ADR cases were dead.Conclusions Great importance should be enhanced to the monitoring of ADR induced by ocular administration.Rational use of ophthalmic preparation should be strengthened to ensure that the drug application is safe.