海洛因海绵状白质脑病病理分析

目的 了解海洛因海绵状白质脑病(HSLE)的病理特征.方法 收集15例HSLE患者的脑组织标本,通过电镜、HE染色、髓鞘染色及神经纤维染色来观察其组织学特点,并进行病理分析.结果 大脑、小脑皮质未见明显病变,病灶局限于白质,表现为大量海绵状空泡形成,空泡非包裹样变,由皮质下白质向白质深处逐渐增多、增大:白质区域无血管充血、炎性细胞浸润;髓鞘结构层次紊乱,髓鞘内大量空泡形成,并有明显脱髓鞘改变,髓鞘脱失越明显处空泡的生成也越明显,无空泡的区域仍见完整髓鞘存在,轴索有改变但远较髓鞘为轻.结论 HSLE的脑白质海绵状空泡形成为原发性髓鞘损害、脱失所致,其脱髓鞘改变与脑白质空泡样病变的严重程度相一致.

Pathological analysis of heroin spongiform leukoencephalopathy

Objective To investigate the pathological characteristics of heroin spongiform leukoencephalopathy (HSLE). Methods Cerebral tissue specimens were obtained from 15 patients with HSLE and the histological observations under optical and electron microscopes were carried out by HE, Bielschowsky's, and chromotrope 2R-brilliant green staining. Results HSLE was characterized primarily by spongiform vacuolar degeneration of the cerebral white matter. Neurons in the gray matter, Purkinje and granular cells in the cerebella remain intact in all the cases. Numerous vacuoles, which merged to form larger cavities, appeared in the damaged white matter, and the axons survived in the deep white matter. The myelin sheath in the cerebellar white matter sustained more severe damages than those in the cerebral white matter. No vacuoles or lymphocyte infiltration occurred in the small peripheral vessels. Conclusion HSLE is pathologically characterized by vacuolar degeneration due to primary damage of the myelin, and the spongiform vacuolar degeneration is closely associated with the severity of demyelination in the white matter.