Transcatheter arterial embolization with 188Rhenium-HDD-labeled iodized oil in rabbit VX2 liver tumor

PURPOSE: To evaluate the antitumor effect of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with use of rhenium 188 HDD (4-hexadecyl 2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-4,7-diaza-1,10-decanethiol)-labeled iodized oil and to compare it with that of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with use of an established chemotherapeutic agent and iodized oil in experimentally induced liver tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VX2 carcinoma was grown in the livers of 57 rabbits. TAE was performed with (188)Re-HDD-labeled iodized oil (Re-Lp group; n = 21), doxorubicin/iodized oil emulsion (Dx-Lp group; n = 21), and iodized oil alone (n = 15). Sequential conjugated planar imaging was performed for dosimetry of the radioisotope in the Re-Lp group (n = 15). Growth ratio and percentage of viable tumor were estimated by computed tomography and histopathologic examination. Hepatic and hematologic toxicities were evaluated by biochemical analysis. RESULTS: On conjugated planar imaging, radioactivity was concentrated on the tumor (effective half-life, 16.2 hours), and mean radiation dose to the tumor was 147.7 Gy. The mean growth ratios 1, 2, and 3 weeks after TAE and the percentage of viable tumor in the Re-Lp group (-3.4, -7.6, -11.1, and 0.3%) and the Dx-Lp group (-3.2, -5.3, 29.0, and 2.6%) were significantly lower than the respective values in the iodized oil group (45.5, 145.4, 283.0, and 30.1%; P < .001). However, the differences between the values in the Re-Lp group and those in the Dx-Lp group were not significant (P values of .165-0.497 for growth ratios; P = .134 for percentage of viable tumor). There was similar transient hepatotoxicity in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS: TAE with (188)Re-HDD-labeled iodized oil has potent antitumor effect in VX2 liver tumor that is comparable with that of TACE with an established chemotherapeutic agent.