Cardiovascular disease-related genes and regulation by diet |
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Authors: | John P Vanden Heuvel |
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Institution: | (1) Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; |
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Abstract: | Diets rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) such as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic
acid are associated with decreased incidence and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD). At least some of the beneficial
effects of these dietary fatty acids are mediated by metabolites such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and resolvins.
The effects of n-3 PUFAs often differ from those of other fatty acids with very similar structures, such as linoleic acid
and arachidonic acid (n-6 PUFAs) and their corresponding metabolites. This article reviews the evidence that specific receptors
exist for fatty acids or their metabolites that are able to regulate gene expression and coordinately affect metabolic or
signaling pathways associated with CVD. Four nuclear receptor subfamilies that respond to dietary and endogenous ligands and
have implications for CVD are emphasized in this article: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, retinoid X receptors,
liver X receptors, and the farnesoid X receptor. |
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Keywords: | |
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