脑卒中患者居家主要照顾者负荷水平与影响因素的调查

目的　探讨脑卒中患者居家主要照顾者的负荷水平及其影响因素。方法　选取脑卒中患者居家主要照顾者79例,用自编脑卒中患者居家主要照顾者负荷量表和社会支持量表进行评定。结果　脑卒中患者居家主要照顾者负荷的得分指标为5 7.88%,处于中等水平,身体负荷最重,其次为经济负荷。对负荷影响最大的因素为照顾对象需人照顾项目总分为(β=为0 .4 5 5 ) ,其次为社会支持度(β=为0 .4 0 5 ) ,均有显著性意义(P<0 .0 0 1 )。共它影响因素包括照顾对象是否有慢性疾病(P<0 .0 5 )、照顾对象医疗费用支付形式(P<0 .0 1 )、照顾对象家中常见症状(P<0 .0 0 1 )、照顾者每天用于照顾患者时间(P<0 .0 0 1 )和照顾者是否有宗教信仰(P<0 .0 5 )。结论　脑卒中患者居家主要照顾者承受着较重的身体负荷和经济负荷。在社会支持方面信息性支持是最为不足的。因此,要为照顾者提供可及、可承受的社区服务,建立多种渠道加强信息性支持,以提高社会支持度,同时给予主要照顾者更多的情感和精神支持,这样才能全面降低脑卒中患者居家主要照顾者的负荷水平,促进其身心两方面的健康,以提高脑卒中患者的照顾质量。

Investigation on the Burden Level of the Main Caregivers of Stroke Patients at Home and its Influencing Factors

Objective To explore the burden level of the main caregivers of stroke patients at home and its influencing factors. Methods Seventy nine main caregivers of stroke patients at home were enrolled in this study.All the participants were assessed by using the Burden Scale and the Social Support Scale. Results The burden of the main caregivers of stroke patients at home was at medium level in which physical burden was in the first place and economic burden the second.The greatest influencing factor was the total score of care items needed by the patient and the second was the social support to the caregivers (P<0.001).Other factors included concomitant chronic diseases,way of medical payment,symptomatology at home,time spent perday in the care and religions belief of the caregiver (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion The main caregivers of stroke patients at home endure heavy physical and economic burden without adequate information support.So measures should be taken to reduce the physical and economic burden of caregivers and information support should be enhanced to reduce their burden comprehensively. Promotion of their physical and mental health will improve the quality of their care for stroke patients.