Hypnotic suggestion alters the state of the motor cortex |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan;2. Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;1. Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;3. ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Japan;4. Division of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan;5. Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan;1. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom;2. Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom;1. School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK;2. Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull, UK;3. Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health – Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;4. Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK;5. IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale S. Camillo, Venice, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Hypnosis often leads people to obey a suggestion of movement and to lose perceived voluntariness. This inexplicable phenomenon suggests that the state of the motor system may be altered by hypnosis; however, objective evidence for this is still lacking. Thus, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) to investigate how hypnosis, and a concurrent suggestion that increased motivation for a force exertion task, influenced the state of the motor system. As a result, corticospinal excitability was enhanced, producing increased force exertion, only when the task-motivating suggestion was provided during hypnotic induction, showing that the hypnotic suggestion actually altered the state of M1 and the resultant behavior. |
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| Keywords: | Hypnosis Suggestion TMS Primary motor cortex |
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