不同病因引起的新生儿高胆红素血症听性脑干反应的特点

目的 探讨不同病因引起的新生儿高胆红素血症的听性脑干反应(ABR)特点及其与临床的关系.方法 将88例(176耳)高胆红素血症患儿按病因分为6组,同时选取15名(30耳)健康新生儿作为正常对照,均进行ABR测试,并比较各组间的差异,42 d后患儿复查ABR.结果 不同病因中,葡萄糖6-磷酸脱氢酶(glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,G-6-PD)缺乏症所致的高胆红素血症ABR反应阈增高最明显,异常率最高.不同病因组之间及与对照组间ABR的Ⅲ波、Ⅴ波潜伏期及Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期差异均具有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).高胆红素血症患儿ABR各波潜伏期及波间期均较对照组延长,其中新生儿感染最容易引起ABR各波潜伏期及波间期延长,其次是ABO溶血与其他不明原因组,母乳性黄疸组潜伏期与波间期相对要短.多病因组ABR反应阈的异常率明显高于单病因组(P＜0.05);单种病因与多种病因引起的高胆红素血症组间比较,ABR各波潜伏期及波间期差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).30例患儿进行了复查,复查前后除Ⅰ-Ⅲ波间期外,各波潜伏期及波间期差异均具有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 高胆红素血症对听觉系统的损害与病因的种类及数量有关.由G-6-PD缺乏、新生儿感染、ABO溶血、多病因以及不明原因引起的高胆红素血症与母乳性黄疸相比,更易导致听觉功能损害.高胆红素血症对听觉的损害存在一定的可逆性.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the characteristics of auditory brainstem response (ABR) in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia induced by different causes. Methods A total of 88 neonates ( 176 ears) with hyperbilirubinemia were divided into several groups according to the causes and followed up after 42 d, and 15 nomal neontes (30 ears) were measured ABR and analyzed the results. Results The thresholds of ABR in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were the highest in all the groups and had the lowdest incidence rate.The wave Ⅲ, Ⅴ latencies and Ⅲ-Ⅴ, Ⅰ -Ⅴ interwave intervals of the ABR were significantly difference and prolonged during test in comparison to the latencies in the control group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The neonatal infections group had the longest wave and interwave intervals, followed by ABO incompatibility hemolytic diseases and the unknown cause groups, while the breastfeeding jaundice were the shortest in the groups of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The thresholds of ABR in the hyperbilirubinemia caused by several etiologies were significant abnomality when compared with the single etiology. However, they were similar in the wave latencies and interwave intervals of ABR. During the follow up, the ABR wave latencies and interwave intervals except for interwave latency Ⅰ-Ⅲ were significantly shorter. Conclusions The toxicity of hyperbilirubinemia to the auditory nervous system are related to the species and number of etiologies. The neonate hyperbilirubinemia cuased by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, infections, ABO incompatibility hemolytic diseases and many etiologies are much more dangerous to the auditory system than the breastfeeding jaundice. The damages of hyperbilirubinemia to the auditory nervous system are reversible probably.

Characteristics of auditory brain stem response in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia induced by different causes

Objective To explore the characteristics of auditory brainstem response (ABR) in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia induced by different causes. Methods A total of 88 neonates ( 176 ears) with hyperbilirubinemia were divided into several groups according to the causes and followed up after 42 d, and 15 nomal neontes (30 ears) were measured ABR and analyzed the results. Results The thresholds of ABR in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were the highest in all the groups and had the lowdest incidence rate.The wave Ⅲ, Ⅴ latencies and Ⅲ-Ⅴ, Ⅰ -Ⅴ interwave intervals of the ABR were significantly difference and prolonged during test in comparison to the latencies in the control group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The neonatal infections group had the longest wave and interwave intervals, followed by ABO incompatibility hemolytic diseases and the unknown cause groups, while the breastfeeding jaundice were the shortest in the groups of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The thresholds of ABR in the hyperbilirubinemia caused by several etiologies were significant abnomality when compared with the single etiology. However, they were similar in the wave latencies and interwave intervals of ABR. During the follow up, the ABR wave latencies and interwave intervals except for interwave latency Ⅰ-Ⅲ were significantly shorter. Conclusions The toxicity of hyperbilirubinemia to the auditory nervous system are related to the species and number of etiologies. The neonate hyperbilirubinemia cuased by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, infections, ABO incompatibility hemolytic diseases and many etiologies are much more dangerous to the auditory system than the breastfeeding jaundice. The damages of hyperbilirubinemia to the auditory nervous system are reversible probably.