水雷爆炸对舰船上动物冲击损伤的试验观察与评价

目的：观察不同距离水雷爆炸引起的舰船冲击运动对舰船上动物的冲击损伤特点，并评估其舰员损伤的可能性，方法：以一艘水面舰艇为水上靶目标，进行水平爆炸距离分别为100，50，20米的3次水雷爆炸试验，每次爆炸后以大体解剖，病理切片和X线摄片方法检查放置于舰艇上甲板，坦克舱和前住舱共3个部位的狗和兔内脏与骨骼损伤情况，并中相应部位的冲击环境参数，结果：动物冲击损伤效应主要表现为胸腹腔脏器表面不同程度点状或片状出血，水平距离为100m的爆炸对动物损伤较轻，50，20m的爆炸对动物损伤较重，有少数动物出现肝脏破裂和骨折等。冲击环境参数测量结果与动物损伤程度相吻合。结论：水平距离为100m的爆炸对舰员损伤的可能性不大。50，20m的爆炸对舰员损伤的可能性较大。

Experimental observation and assessment of blast injury to animals on the warship induced by mine ex plosion

Objective To observe the blast injury and its characteristics in animals on the war-ship induced by mine explosion at various distances and so to assess the possible injury that might be in-duced to human under the same circumstance. Methods A surface warship was used as the target on the sea. Three blasts were carried out with the mine placed on the same sea level at a distance of 100 m, 50 m and 20 m respectively from the ship. After each blast, the animals (dogs and rabbits) which had been put in 3 different places of the ship were examined by anatomy .histology and X-ray film for in-juries of bone and viscera, meanwhile,the parameters of the blast circumstances of the 3 different places were measured. Results The ohief manifestations of the blast injury were dotted or patchy hemor-rhages of varying degree on the surface of viscera and were less severe with mine blast at 100 m distance than with 50 m and 20 m,and some of the animals in the latter had more severe injury including liver laceration and bone fracture. The measured hurt were bad when second and third ones (the distance is 50 m and parameters of the blast circumstances were in conformity with the severity of injury induced in the animals. Conclusions The experiments showed that there would be little possibility of injury to ship members at a blast distance of 100 m,but the possibility could increase at 50 m and 20 m.