Virulence factors and O groups of Escherichia coli isolates from patients with acute pyelonephritis, cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria

The relationship between the presence of bacterial virulence factors and the severity of urinary tract infection (UTI) was analized in this study. The production of -hemolysin (Hly), the expression of P-fimbriae and the mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) type IVa (associated with the presence of P-fimbriae), were all detected more frequently in Escherichia coli strains from acute pyelonephritis than in strains isolated from cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria. In contrast, the production of cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1) and the expression of MRHA types III and IVb were distributed uniformly between strains causing different clinical categories of UTI. Thus 88% of the E. coli strains from acute pyelonephritis showed some of the virulence factors investigated in this study, whereas only 60% (p < 0.01) and 56% (p < 0.01) repectively of the strains isolated from cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria possessed virulence factors. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of virulence properties between strains isolated from patients with or without complicating factors. Only 16% (p < 0.001) of the fecal isolates from healthy individuals showed virulence factors. The virulence factors were concentrated in strains belonging to 10 (O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, O14, O18, O22, O75 and 083) of the 12 serogroups most frequently detected in uropathogenic E.coli strains. The majority of uropathogenic O4, O6, O14, O22, O75 and O83 E.coli strains were Hly⁺CNF1⁺ and expressed P-fimbriae or MRHA type III, whereas the strains of serogroup O18 were Hly⁺CNFI^– and P-fimbriated. Among O1 and O7 strains we found Hly^– CNF1^–strains that expressed P-fimbriae. Among O2 strains we found Hly⁺CNF1⁺ strains that expressed P-fimbriae or MRHA type III and other Hly^–CNF1^–strains that possessed P-fimbriae. We conclude that E.coli strains isolated from pyelonephritis show virulence factors more frequently than those from cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria, and that strains that cause urinary tract infections in Spain belong to the same serogroups as uropathogenic E.coli isolated in other areas of the world. Our results support the special pathogenicity theory and suggest that many cases of serious urogenital disease may be caused by a limited number of P-fimbriated E.coli strains that usually produce -hemolysin.