饮食疗法对2型糖尿病患者血清微量元素的影响

目的通过研究饮食的能量及结构，观察饮食治疗对糖尿病患者血清微量元素的影响。方法将57例男性2型糖尿病患者随机分为实验组（n=27）与对照组（n=30），根据饮食调查结果调整每日总热能及生热营养索比例结构。实验组采取包伙制，并配以苦荞麦粉、南瓜粉及食物纤维等；对照组给予饮食指导自行控制。食用4周后，观察其饮食控制前后的血糖和血清微量元素锌（Zn）、铁（Fe）、铬（Cr）、硒（Se）、镁（Mg）的变化。结果饮食控制前两组患者血清微量元素无明显差异（P〉0．05）。而饮食控制后实验组血清微量元素Zn、Fe、Mg明显高于对照组（P〈0．05），Cr、Se虽有提高但差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；血糖均较实验前有明显降低（P〈0．05），实验组与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论糖尿病与微量元素Zn、Fe、Cr、Se、Mg有高度相关性和可逆性。饮食治疗在降低糖尿病患者血糖的同时，可提高血中微量元素的含量。

Effect of Diet Therapy on Serum Trace Elements in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Objective To observe the changes of serum trace elements after diet therapy in Type 2 diabetes patients. Methods Fifty seven patients were randomly divided into the intervention group (IG, n=27)and the control group (CG, n=30). Dietary survey was performed and then the dietary pattern was adjusted in total calorie and the ratio of three major nutrients. Patients in IG were supplied with the meals in hospital according to designed menu, including bitter buckwheat powder, pumpkin powder, and dietary fiber. Patients in CG took the meals themselves under dietary guidance. The trial period was 4 weeks. Results Blood glucose of both groups decreased after four weeks of diet therapy; however, its level was much lower in IG than in CG. The micronutrients intakes were significantly higher in IG than in CG, and the serum Zn, Fe, and Mg levels were also significantly higher in IG than in CG (P < 0.05). Serum Cr and Se levels increased but had no statistical significance. Conclusion More intakes of micronutrients may further decrease blood glucose; meanwhile, dietary therapy may also increase serum trace elements.