铅对新生期长爪沙鼠的毒性作用及病理学观察

目的研究铅对新生期长爪沙鼠的毒性作用及其病理学改变,探讨发育期铅中毒对沙鼠的毒性机制。方法选取出生后6～7d的长爪沙鼠腹腔注射不同剂量的乙酸铅,测定血铅含量和血液生理生化指标,同时取脑和肾作病理切片观察。结果染铅沙鼠的增重减少(P<0.05),血铅含量升高(P<0.01),呈明显的负相关关系(r=-0.537,P<0.01);随染铅剂量的增加,染铅沙鼠的红细胞数减少,血红蛋白、总蛋白和白蛋白含量下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),而白细胞和血小板数增加,尿素氮、肌酐含量升高以及丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶活力增加(P<0.05,P<0.01);光镜观察染铅组的肾组织病变以近曲小管上皮细胞的变性为主,脑病变以点状液化性坏死,锥体细胞变性为主。结论铅可抑制新生期沙鼠的生长发育,造成发育期组织和器官的损伤。

Toxic effect of lead poisoning and its pathological changs in neonatal Mongolian gerbil

Objective To study the mechanism of lead poisoning and its pathological changes in neonatal Mongolian gerbil. Methods 6-7-day old neonatal Mongolian gerbil were intraperitoneally injected with lead acetate trihydrate at the doses of ~0,12,36 mg/kg once every other day for 9 times.The bodyweights were measured,blood lead concentration,the levels of blood physiological and biochemistry were determined.The pathological changes of kidney and brain were observed by light microscope. Results The growth of bodyweight decreased (P<0.05) while blood lead concentration increased(P<0.01)in lead poisoning groups, which showed a negative correlation(r=-0.537,P<0.01). With the increase of lead level,the number of RBC and the levels of Hb,TP,ALB decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01), the number of WBC,PLT and the levels of BUN,CR elevated while the activities of ALT,AST,LDH increased(P<0.05,P<0.01). Proximal tubule epithelial cells in kidney appeared swelling and degeneration. Nervous cells appeared vacuolation necrosis and pyramidal cells degeneration under light microscope. Conclusion Lead poisoning can inhabit the growth of neonatal Mongolian gerbil , which leads to develop tissue and organ damages.