促性腺激素释放激素在女性生殖系统的分布与作用

促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin releasing hormone,GnRH)是下丘脑分泌的十肽激素,对生殖调控具有重要意义。人体中存在2种亚型,即GnRH-I和GnRH-II,以及2种相应的受体GnRHR-I和GnRHR-II。GnRH除了通过垂体性腺轴控制女性的发育、生殖功能外,同时还以自分泌和旁分泌的方式作用于垂体外组织,如乳腺、胎盘、卵巢、子宫内膜等。GnRH或许可作为乳腺癌的一种有效治疗和预防恶化的方法。GnRH类似物已经用于治疗许多激素相关的疾病,尤其是与子宫相关的疾病,如子宫内膜增生、子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜异位症(EMs),可降低子宫颈癌的风险等。胎盘自身可生成GnRH或GnRH样多肽物质,离体的胎盘组织体外培养表明,GnRH可显著增加胎盘组织人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)的释放。局部的GnRHs对维持卵巢功能具有重要的作用;卵巢GnRHs参与正常和异常生殖组织的内分泌调控。

Distribution and Action of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone in the Female Reproductive System

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone(GnRH),a neuropeptide with 10 amino-acid,plays a critical role in the regulation of reproduction.There are 2 genome types of GnRH in human,GnRH-I and GnRH-II,and 2 types of receptor,GnRHR-I and GnRHR-II.They regulate the reproduction and maturity through the hypothalamicpituitary-gonadal axis,and also have the effect on some extrapituitary compartments by autocrine and/or paracrine,including the breast,placenta,ovary and endometrium.GnRH may be a valuable effective method of treatment and prevention of deterioration for breast cancer.GnRH analogues have been used to treat many hormones related diseases,especially uterine diseases,such as endometrial hyperplasia,endometrial cancer and endometriosis(EMs),as well as reduce the risk of cervical cancer.Placenta can generate GnRH or GnRH-like peptides.Studies of placental tissue in vitro indicate that GnRH can significantly increase the release of human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG) from placenta tissue.Local GnRHs not only plays an important role in maintaining ovarian function,but also is involved in normal and abnormal reproductive endocrine regulation in ovary.