神经肽和HPA轴因素在斑秃发病中的作用

斑秃是一种毛囊的自身免疫性疾病,其发病机制中精神应激机制的研究热点集中在两方面:一是对作为大脑-皮肤之间的神经免疫内分泌联系的神经肽类的研究:外部应激因素可通过P物质、降钙素基因相关肽、神经生长因子、肥大细胞、巨噬细胞、γ8T细胞组成相互作用的网络,这些物质组成"脑-毛囊轴",毛囊对这些应激介质高度敏感,应激正是通过这个途径影响毛发生长;二是对皮肤作为外周类似下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能单位的研究:皮肤具有自己的神经内分泌系统,皮肤及其附属器也能产生同样的系统性应激反应所需要的介质,人类皮肤也可表达促皮质素释放激素.

Neuropeptides and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata

Alopecia areata(AA)is an autoimmune disorder of hair follicles.It has been shown that AA is closely associated with psychological stress.There are two hotspots in the current research on psychological stress in AA,namely neuropeptides and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis.As the brain-skin connection with local neuroimmunoendocrine circuitry.immunomodulatory neuropeptides include substance P,calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)and nffrve growth factor (NGF).ete;these neuropeptieds make up of a"brain-hair follicle axis(BHA)"together with stress effeetor cells,such as mast cells,macrophages and γδ T cells.Hair follicles are highly sensitive to these neuropeptides,and it seems that stress influences hair growth through the called brain.hair follicle axis.It has been evidenced that skin has established a fully functional peripheral equivalent Of HPA axis as an independent,local stress response system.Skin and its appendages can produce the same mediators as involved in systemic stress response.For example,corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)can be secreted by human skin.