Recurrent symptomatic cholelithiasis can arise from residual gallbladder after a previous incomplete cholecystectomy. Diagnosis relies on a high index of suspicion and appropriate investigations such as ultrasound, computed tomography scan, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). A case of symptomatic gallbladder remnant with gallstone 3 years after a previous laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which was managed successfully with laparoscopic resection, is described. The predisposing factors and preventive measures for such a rare complication are discussed. Chinese Abstract