骨缺损修复材料的研究进展

在骨缺损修复治疗中,需要植入骨支架材料以恢复损伤处相应的组织结构。目前,用于骨缺损的修复材料主要有自体骨、同种异体骨、金属材料、生物陶瓷、高分子材料及各种复合材料。不同材料在骨修复中均展示出强大的重建能力,然而临床中理想的骨植入物依然较少,水平参差不齐,除自体骨外,其他材料用于骨缺损修复中尚无法同时具备良好的生物相容性、骨形成、骨传导和骨诱导等性能。结合材料学最新进展技术和临床应用效果,笔者认为添加中药、组织细胞、细胞因子、微量元素等物质的复合材料及用增材制造技术等制备的复合材料具备理想的骨修复性能,对于临床特殊类型的骨缺损修复意义深远。本文参考近年来国内外文献,从自体骨、同种异体骨和人工骨材料的优势、临床选择、缺点及如何改进等方面详细阐述了现阶段骨缺损修复材料在临床应用及基础研究中的现状及前景,以期为临床治疗骨缺损提供理论依据。

Research progress on bone defect repair materials

In the process of repairing of bone defects,bone scaffold materials need to be implanted to restore the corresponding tissue structure at the injury. At present,the repair materials used for bone defects mainly include autogenous bone,allogeneic bone,metal materials,bioceramics,polymer materials and various composite materials. Different materials have demonstrated strong reconstruction ability in bone repair,but the ideal bone implants in the clinic are still yet to be established. Except for autogenous bone,other materials used in bone defect repair are unable to perfectly balance biocompatibility,bone formation,bone conduction and osteoinduction. Combining the latest advances in materials sciences and clinical application,we believe that composite materials supplemented with Chinese medicine,tissue cells,cytokines,trace elements,etc. and manufactured using advanced technologies such as additive manufacturing technology may have ideal bone repair performance,and may have profound significance in clinical repair of bone defects of special type. This article reviewed to the domestic and foreign literature in recent years,and elaborates the current status of bone defect repair materials in clinical application and basic research in regard to the advantages,clinical options,shortcomings,and how to improve the autogenous bone,allogeneic bone and artificial bone materials,in order to provide a theoretical basis for clinical management of bone defects.