某市中小学生膳食营养状况分析

目的分析某市中小学生膳食营养状况,为膳食营养指导提供科学依据。方法采用5 d称重法和发放膳食调查表的方法对某市寄宿和非寄宿生171人进行膳食调查。结果中、小学寄宿和非寄宿生钙、视黄醇和核黄素摄入量低于RNI标准,尤其是钙摄入量偏低,均低于RNI的50%以下。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的供能比,中学寄宿生脂肪产能比达30.8%,略高于推荐标准范围,而中学非寄宿生和小学生供能比均较适宜。中学寄宿与非寄宿生血清钙缺乏检出率分别为6.52%和21.95%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肥胖检出率分别为3.39%和14.29%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。小学寄宿与非寄宿生血清钙缺乏检出率分别为73.91%和78.95%。结论中小学生营养素的摄入不均衡,钙、视黄醇、核黄素缺乏,应调整膳食结构,增加动物性食物、乳及乳制品、有色蔬菜及含钙丰富食物的摄入量。

Dietary Nutritional Status of Primary and Secondary School Students

Objective To analyze dietary nutrition status of primary and secondary school students,and to provide scientific evidence for dietary nutritional guidance.Methods The methods of weighing 5 days' food and dietary questionnaire were chosen to investigate 171 students in a city.Results The intakes of calcium,retinol and riboflavin were lower than RNI,and the intake of calcium was the lowest(<50% RNI).About the ratio of protein,fat,carbohydrate providing energy,the ratio of fat providing energy of the middle school boarders got to 30.8% and was slightly higher than normal value.The ratio of the middle school nonborders and the primary school students was fitting.The prevalence rates of serum calcium deficiency and obesity were significantly higher among the middle school non-boarders than the boarders(21.95% vs 6.52%,14.29% vs 3.39%).And in primary school students,the prevalence rate of serum calcium deficiency was 73.91% and 78.95% for boarders and non-boarders.Conclusion The nutritional intake is unbalance.The students are lack in the intakes of calcium,retinol and riboflavin.Therefore,the dietary pattern should be adjusted,and the intakes of the animal food,milk and milk products,vegetables and the food rich of calcium should be increased.