老年髋关节骨折手术治疗死亡率分析

目的 总结老年髋关节骨折手术治疗的术后死亡率,探讨术后患者死亡的原因. 方法 对1999年3月至2008年1月得到随访的349例老年(60～98岁)髋关节骨折手术治疗患者进行回顾性研究,总结总体死亡率和术后1年内死亡率,分析其构成特点及术后患者死亡的原因. 结果 手术治疗老年髋关节骨折术后死亡率为8.9%(31/349),术后1年内死亡率为5.4%(19/349).围手术期死亡3例,随访期内死亡28例.死亡原因依次为心血管事件(7例)、呼吸功能衰竭(7例)、慢性疾病引起的多器官功能衰竭(5例)、肿瘤(5例)、脑血管疾病(2例)、肝硬化(2例)、感染中毒性休克(1例)、脑外伤(1例),另1例原因不详.统计结果 显示年龄、性别是影响死亡率的主要因素,股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定患者死亡率(1.8%)低于股骨近端髓内钉固定患者(17.8%),差异有统计学意义(X2=9.407,P=0.006);女性患者的股骨颈骨折发生率(59.4%)明显高于男性(41.6%),差异有统计学意义(X2=10.040,P=0.006). 结论 与相关文献比较,手术治疗老年髋关节骨折能够获得较低的死亡率.完善术前准备,选择微创的手术方法 有助于降低死亡率.

Mortality in the aged patients with hip fractures treated by operations

Objective To analyze the mortality in the aged patients with hip fractures who have been treated by operations. Methods We collected the clinical data of 349 aged patients (60 to 98 years old) with hip fracture who had been treated by operations from March 1999 to January 2008 in our hospital. Their overall mortality and one-year mortality were analyzed to find the causes for death. Results Thirty-one cases died and the overall mortality was 8.9% (31/349). Nineteen patients died within one year and the one-year mortality was 5.4% (19/349). Three patients died in hospital after surgery, 28 patients died in the follow-up period. Cardiac event, pulmonary dysfunction, cancer, cerebral vascular disease, hepatic cirrhosis, multiple organs dysfunction and infection were sequentially the major causes for death. Statistical results showed the factors which had definitely influenced the mortality were age and sex. Patients treated with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) had the lower mortality than with proximal femoral nail (PFN). Conclusions Operations can lead to a low mortality for aged patients with hip fractures. Ad-equate preparation and mini-invasive surgery can reduce the mortality.