基于“肺-肠”轴探讨肺、肠微生态对肺部疾病的影响

近年来，随着生命科学尤其是微生物组学研究的突破，诞生了“肺-肠”轴这一全新概念，其在某种程度上与中医“肺与大肠相表里”理论不谋而合。针对新型冠状病毒肺炎，国家卫生健康委员会发布的诊疗方案中明确提出可使用肠道微生态调节剂，维持肠道微生态平衡，预防继发细菌感染。越来越多的研究表明，肺、肠道微生物稳态对肺部疾病发挥着重要作用，某些特定菌属及其代谢产物可参与肺部疾病进程，影响其发生发展；然而，肺、肠道微生物组成极为复杂，其免疫调节、抗炎、抗感染等作用机制尚未完全明确。该文就“肺-肠”轴及肺、肠微生态对肺部疾病影响的研究进展并结合课题组的前期研究进行了综述和展望。 

The Role of the Lung-Gut Axis and the Lung and Gut Microorganism in Pulmonary Disease

In recent years， with the breakthrough of life science and emerging developments in microbiome research， a new concept has been referred to as the "lung-gut axis". To some extent， it coincides with TCM theory of "lung being connected with large intestine". For the COVID-19， the diagnosis and treatment plan issued by the National Health Commission clearly proposed the use of intestinal microecological regulator to maintain intestinal microecological balance and prevent secondary bacterial infection. A growing number of studies have shown that lung and intestinal microbial homeostasis plays an important role in pulmonary diseases， termed as specific bacteria and their metabolites are involved in the course of pulmonary diseases. However， the composition of pulmonary and intestinal microorganisms is complex and the mechanism of immune regulation， anti-inflammatory and anti-infection has not been fully declared. In this paper， the research progress of "gut-lung axis"， the lung and gut microbiota in pulmonary diseases combined with the preliminary research of our working group were reviewed and prospected.