体液论及其对西方医学的影响

体液论（Humoralism)是西方古代医学理论的基石，从古希腊直至19世纪细菌理论建立之前，它一直占据着西方医学理论的主导地位。体液论作为古代西方的一种整体医学思想，在健康观和疾病观诸多方面与中国传统医学有共通之处。因此，考察体液的源流，基本原则及其演化，不仅对于正确理解和评价西方古代医学具有重要意义，也可为我们理解中国传统医学提供一种参照。

Humoralism and its influence on western medicine

As the cornerstone of the ancient medical theories in the west, Humoralism had been a dominative theory in medicine from the ancient Greek time to the 19th century, prior to the birth of the bacterial theory of disease. As a theory of holistic medicine in the west in ancient period, humoralism was similar to traditional Chinese medicine in its viewpoints of health and disease. Therefore, the review of its origin, cardinal principles and its evolution, is not only significant in the correct understanding of ancient western medicine and its appraisal, but also for the interpretation of traditional Chinese medicine as a reference.