深圳某小型宝石加工厂矽肺的调查分析

目的 调查小型宝石加工厂矽肺的发病情况。方法对深圳某小型宝石加工厂接尘工人进行矽肺横断面调查。结果该厂工作场所矽尘短时间接触平均浓度（STEL）为3．9mg／m^3，游离SiO2含量平均为92．5％。矽肺检出率为11．54％（9／78），发病年龄（22．58±2．92）岁，接尘工龄为（3．53±1．37）年。患者X射线胸片表现以圆形小阴影“q”影为主。矽肺并发肺结核率11．11％。矽肺患者VC、FVC、FEVL0，、FEVL0／FVC和MVV值明显低于其他接尘工人（P〈0．01）。结论 小型宝石加工厂工人接触矽尘水平高，矽肺发病严重，须采取针对性措施，减少工人接触，减缓病程进展。

Investigation on Silicosis of Workers in Small-scale Gem Factory

Objective To investigate the feature of the silicosis occurrence of workers in a small-scale gem factory. Methods A cross-section study was carried out among workers in a small-scale gen factory in Shenzhen. Results The means of dust concentration collected during 15 minutes （STEL） in the workshop was 3.9 mg/m^3, the proportion of free silica content was 92.5%. The incidence of silicosis was 11.54%（9/78）. The meaning age of the patients suffering from silicosis were （22.58±2.92） years and latency period was （3.53±1.37） years after dust exposure The typical characteristic was small round ＂q＂ opacities by the chest radiographic examination. The incidence of silicosis complicated with puhnonary tuberculosis was 11.11%. The value of VC, FVC, FEVL0,FEVL0/FVC and MVV of silicosis sufferings were lower than those of the other exposed dust workers （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion The working environment in this gem factory was very poor and the exposure level of workers was very high. The occurrence of silicosis among these workers was serious. The strict measures should be taken to control such exposure and alleviate the progress of silicosis.