上海市居民区大气细颗粒物污染水平及时空分布特征研究

目的观察上海市居民区大气细颗粒物污染水平及时空变化趋势,同时,了解机动车尾气污染对居民区大气细颗粒物污染状况的影响。方法选取上海市区内A、B两个居民区,A居民区为普通居住区,B居民区为交通繁忙区。在交通主干道侧向距离0、50、100和200m设4个监测点,于2010年4月、7月和10月及2011年1月使用AM510细颗粒物监测仪对两个居民区的大气细颗粒物污染水平进行监测,每个月份连续监测10天。每天7:30～10:30同步监测,分析同一居民区大气细颗粒物浓度随道路侧向距离的变化,并比较A,B两个小区大气细颗粒物污染水平。结果上海市大气细颗粒物污染水平的季节变化为:春季>冬季>秋季>夏季。细颗粒物浓度的日变化趋势都呈双峰型,一个峰在上午8:00,另一个峰在晚间19:00,与居民上下班高峰呈一致性。随距离交通主干道侧向距离的增加,居民区内细颗粒物水平呈降低趋势。交通状况不同的居民区细颗粒物污染有明显差异,B居民区由于地处交通繁忙区,大气细颗粒物污染水平也较高。结论上海市居民区大气细颗粒物污染处于较高水平,机动车尾气污染对细颗粒物污染有明显影响。

Investigation on the characteristics and space-time distribution of fine particles in the atmosphere of residential area in Shanghai City

Objective To observe the ambient fine particle pollution and the trend of its space-time distribution in residential areas in Shanghai,and to explore the effects of vehicle exhaust emission on the ambient fine particle pollution.Methods Two residential areas A and B were selected for monitoring the pollution of fine particles.Area A is a normal residential area and area B is closed to a main road with heavy traffic.Four monitoring sites were set in the distance of 0 m,50 m,100 m and 200 m to the roadside and on a place 1.5-1.8 m above the ground.The concentration of fine particles in the air were measured in April,July,October 2010 and Jan 2011 for 10 days in each month in both areas using SIDEPAKTM AM510(TSI,USA) fine particle monitors.Results The pollution of fine particle was varied in different seasons(spring >winter >autumn >summer) and at different time(with two peaks at 8:00AM and 19:00PM,corresponding to the rush hours).The pollution of fine particles is higher in residential area B than that in area A.The concentration of fine particles was reduced with the increase of the distance to the roadside.Conclusion The level of fine particles in residential areas is comparatively high in Shanghai,and the vehicle exhaust emissions have significant effects on the concentration of fine particles in the atmosphere of residential area.