上海市疟疾基本消灭后的流行特征分析

目的　分析上海市基本消灭疟疾后 ,1994～ 1999年疟疾流行的变化趋势。　方法　对全市 1994～ 1999年多项疟疾监测指标、调查结果资料进行回顾性研究。　结果　 6年共发现 74 7例疟疾病例 ,总发病率本地居民为 0 .31/10万 ,外来流动人口为 8.88/10万 ,差别有统计学意义 (χ2 =4 312 .31,P<0 .0 0 1) ;两者 1999年发病率较 1994年分别下降了6 7.4 4 %和 95 .2 5 %。输入病例占病例总数的 82 .4 6 % ;市区只有输入病例 ,5 7.94 %外省输入病例和 5 5 .73%本地感染病例相对集中在流动人口较为聚集的 4个区 (县 ) ,前者的发病高峰约较本地病例提前 1个月。本地居民未查见带虫者 ,纵向监测点青少年儿童 IFAT抗体阳性率为 0 .31%。82 .5 0 %为非活动性病灶点 ,99.4 0 %病灶点仅有 1个病例。　结论　上海市疟疾以输入病例为主 ,虽然市郊区 (县 )仍发生低水平的本地传播和感染 ,但未引起局部流行或暴发流行

ANALYSIS OF MALARIA EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS AFTER MALARIA BASICALLY ELEMINATED IN SHANGHAI

Objective To analyse the malaria epidemiologic trends in 1994-1999 after malaria basically eleminated in Shanghai. Methods Retrospectively analyzed the data of the conventional indices for malarial surveillance between 1994 and 1999 collected from 20 districts/counties. Results The total malaria incidence in the local residents and exocomer was 0.31/100 000 and 8.88/100 000 respectively. Both the annual malaria incidence in 1999 reduced 67.44% and 95.25% as compared with that in 1994. The imported malaria cases account for 82.46%(616/747) of the total cases which appeared within 6 years. There were only imported cases in the urban areas, 57.94%(292/504) imported cases and 55.73% (73/131) infected natives distributed in four districts/counties where the migratory labor was clustered. The peak month of the imported cases was about one month ahead of the local cases, indicating that the native cases might be caused through the imported cases by infected mosquito vectors. No plasmodium carrier was found in local residents. In the longitudinal surveillance, the IFAT antibodies positive rate was 0.31% in children and adolescent, indicating the autochthonous transmission was low. Inactive foci accounted for 82.50% of total 743 malaria foci, and 99.40% of the foci contained only one case. Conclusion The imported malaria cases was dominated in Shanghai. Although low autochthonous transmission and infection still occurred in the suburbs, no outbreak or local endemic was found in Shanghai.