非离子表面活性剂对聚砜超滤膜结构和性能的影响

非离子表面活性剂作为添加剂加入聚砜超滤膜的铸膜液中，测定膜的纯水通量与对不同相对分子质量的聚乙二醇溶液的截留率，用电镜对膜面进行结构分析。结果表明，表面活性剂对膜的支撑层基本无影响，但改变了膜的表层结构。表面活性剂的亲水性强，所成膜的孔径大，分布变宽；反之，所成膜孔径小，分布窄。对加入表面活性剂的铸膜液的表面张力与凝胶速度等进行测定，研究其在成膜过程中的作用，证明表面活性剂主要改变了铸膜液的凝胶速度，并建立了凝胶过程的关联式。

Effect of Surfactandt on Structure and Performance of Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane

Non-ionic surfactants were added into casting solution of polysulfone ul-trafiltration membrane as additives. Pure water fluxes and rejectiones to PEGs with differentmolecular weight of the membranes were measured.SEM pictures were taken for typicalmembranes. Comparing with the membrane without surfactant in it,the results did not showsignificant differnece on the support layers,but the skin layers of the membranes werechanged.The membrane pore size was bigger and pore size distribution was wider when thesurfactant added was hydrophilic. Contrarily,the membrane pore size was smaller and poresize distribution was narrower when the surfactant was hydrophobic,Studing the effect ofsurfactant in the process of membrane formed,surface tension and gelation speed of castingsolutiones were measured.The effect of surfactant was mainly changing the gelation speed ofthe casting solution. The gelation speed-time relation was obtained