高住高练低训对优秀女子中长跑运动员心功能的影响

目的:探讨高住高练低训对优秀女子中长跑运动员心功能的影响。方法:7名国家女子中长跑运动员,进行为期4周的高住高练低训(HiHiLo):在每日完成正常平原训练计划的基础上,每周进行三次低氧训练,训练方式为蹬功率自行车,强度为个体80%VO2max,时间为40分钟,氧浓度为14.7%左右(相当于海拔2800米高度)。此外,每晚在低氧房居住10小时,房内氧含量为14.7%(相当于海拨2800米高度),实验期为4周。采用负荷彩色超声多普勒监测高住高练低训前后心功能的变化,并且监测高住高练低训前后最大摄氧量、血压和体重的变化。结果显示,高住高练低训后的左室重量、左室重量指数、室间隔舒张末期厚度,左室后壁收缩末期厚度在安静状态下较高住高练低训前显著增加(P<0.05),收缩压和舒张压较高住高练低训前明显升高(P<0.05),右心室前后径较高住高练低训前明显减小(P<0.05)。二尖瓣舒张期充盈时间(DFT)在安静及运动负荷状态下均较高住高练低训前显著增加(P<0.05)。高住高练低训前后空腹体重无明显差异,高住高练低训后血压较训练前明显升高(P<0.05)。高住高练低训后最大摄氧量相对值较训练前有所增加,但无显著性差异。结果提示高住高练低训对心脏功能无不良影响,HiHiLo在某种程度上有利于心力储备功能的增强。

Effects of HiHiLo Training on the Cardiac Functions of Chinese Elite Female Middle and Long Distance Runners

Objective To investigate the effects of 4-week HiHiLo training on the cardiac function in elite female middle and long distance runners. Methods Seven national female middle and long distance runners underwent 4-week HiHiLo training program.On the basis of daily training,the runners performed 3 times hypoxic training per week at simulated altitude of 2800m(oxygen content:14.7%)with the intensity of individual 80%VO2max. The subjects stayed in hypoxic chamber with oxygen content of 14.7%(simulate altitude of 2800m)for 10 hours every night. Cardiac functions was monitored with Doppler echocardiography before and after the HiHiLo training. VO2max, blood pressure and bodyweight were measured before and after the HiHiLo training. Results Enddiastolic thickness of interventricular septum(IVSd), endsystolic thickness of left ventricular posterior wall(LVPWs), left ventricle muscle mass(LV MASS),LV/MASS(LVMI) and blood pressure at rest and after HiHiLo training were greater as compared with that before HiHiLo training(P<0.05),right ventricular enddiastolic diameter(RVD)was smaller as compared with that before the HiHiLo training(P<0.05), diastolic filling time(DFT)of mitral valve was extended at rest and during loading as compared with that before the HiHiLo training(P<0.05), bodyweight and VO2max changed insignificant before and after the HiHiLo training. Conclusion The HiHiLo training had no negative effect on the cardiac function,whereas it improved the cardiac reserve of athletes.