胚胎干细胞来源神经前体细胞在缺氧缺血性脑损伤海马内的分化

目的 研究胚胎干细胞（ESC）来源的神经前体细胞移植入缺氧缺血性脑损伤（HIBD）脑内后，在海马的迁移和分化。方法小鼠ESC体外培养和诱导分化，制作小鼠HIBD模型。术后第2～3天，将细胞植入损伤侧侧脑室。对脑组织进行病理学、聚合酶链反应（PCR）、X-gal和免疫荧光组化染色等检测。结景小鼠ESC在特定条件下，能成功诱导分化为神经前体细胞。细胞移植后，经PCR检测和X-gal染色发现能长期存在于脑内，并迁移、分布于受损海马，构成海马结构，经进一步免疫荧光检测发现可分化为神经元；同时病理学检测亦发现细胞移植后受损海马内的神经细胞数量明显增加。结论体外经过特定的诱导分化后。ESC被定向诱导分化为神经前体细胞，植入HIBD小鼠脑内后，能迁移至损伤海马，分化为神经元，替代损伤或坏死的神经细胞。是其发挥治疗作用的可能机制之一。

Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells Originated from Embryonic Stem Cells in Hippocampus of Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in Mice

Objective To investigate the differentiation of neural progenitor cells originated from embryonic stem cells(ESC) in the hippocampus after being transplanted into the hypoxic-ischemic damage brain(HIBD) in mice.(Methods)The ESC were cultured and induced in vitro.Seven-day old HIBD model was used.The ESC-derived cells were transplanted into the lateral ventricle of the HIBD mouse brain.After transplantation,polymerase chain reaction analysis,HE staining,X-gal staining and immunofluorescence were adopted. Results After the inducement in vitro,the ESC expressed nestin,which was the marker for neural progenitor cells.After transplantation,the cells survived and differentiated into neuron in the hippocampus of the hypoxic-ischemic brain.In the cells graft group,the number of the neuron increased in the hippocampus. Conclusion It is possible to induce ESC to neural progenitor cells in vitro.After transplantation,neural progenitor cells originated from ESC can survive in the hippocampus and differentiate into the neurons.This finding may be one of mechanisms of the ESC therapies in the treatment of HIBD in newborns.