内蒙古武川县大青山地区蒙古黄芪野生品与栽培品的比较研究

目的:对于黄芪道地产地之一的武川县所产的野生蒙古黄芪和栽培蒙古黄芪进行比较研究.方法:从药材性状、根横切面、粉末显微特征、质量评价等方面进行数据测定和对比研究.结果:药材性状方面:蒙古黄芪野生品的根型属于鸡爪型,有分支,表面颜色较深,呈深褐色,皮孔多;栽培品的根型属于直根型,少分支,表面颜色较浅,呈黄白色至浅棕褐色,皮孔少.显微组织方面:蒙古黄芪野生品木栓层由6～14层木栓细胞组成,近木栓层处可见石细胞,木质部导管年轮状不明显;栽培品木栓层由4-9层木栓细胞组成,石细胞不可见,木质部导管大小相间呈年轮状.质量评价方面:野生品中的异黄酮类成分及皂苷类成分的含量均要高于栽培品中的含量.结论:武川县大青山地区所产的野生蒙古黄芪和栽培蒙古黄芪在性状、组织结构上有一定的差异,野生品的异黄酮类及皂苷类成分要优于栽培品中的含量.作者通过对武川县大青山地区野生和栽培蒙古黄芪的的比较研究,为探讨合理保护野生蒙古黄芪资源,加强黄芪栽培技术,开展黄芪的野生抚育提供了重要参考依据.

Comparative study of wild and cultivated Astragali Radix in Daqingshan district in Wuchuan of Neimenggu

Objective : To make a comparative study on wild and cultivated Astragali Radix in Wuchuan, Neimenggu where is one of the geo-authentic producing areas of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus. Method : This comparative study focus on shapes and properties, microscopic features of transverse section and powder of roots, qualitative evaluation of wild and cultivated Astragali Radix. Result : Wild Astragali Radix had a cylindrical main root, 2 or 3 root branches, dark brown color and many lenticels on the root bark. Cultivated Astragali Radix had a long cylindrical root, few root branches, yellowish white or light brown and fewer lenticels on the root bark. The differences of microscopic features were that the number of cork cells layers in wild Astragali Radix was bigger than that in cultivated Astragali Radix; stone cells were only observed in wild Astragali Radix; distinct annual rings in the xylem were only existed in cultivated Astragali Radix. The results of qualitative evaluation reveal that the contents of major active isoflavonoids and saponins in wild Astragali Radix are higher than those in cultivated Astragali Radix. Conclusion : There are some diagnostic differences in the main microscopic features of transverse section and powder between wild and cultivated Astragali Radix. The contents of major active isoflavonoids and saponins in wild Astragali Radix are higher than those in cultivated Astragali Radix. Our study provides important scientific evidence for reasonable and effective uses of wild and cultivated Astragali Radix in Wuchuan, and also provides a reliable basis for the quality control of Astragali Radix.