珠海地区哮喘、鼻炎及皮炎儿童变应原检测结果分析及指导

目的了解珠海地区儿童变应原情况,确认变应性疾病的主要诱因,指导临床治疗。方法采用22种标准化变应原,对珠海地区2487例0～18岁患有哮喘、鼻炎或皮炎的儿童进行皮肤点刺实验。结果 2487例儿童患者中,1855例(74.59%)皮肤点刺试验为阳性反应。在阳性反应的患者中,35.10%对粉尘螨过敏,40.85%对户尘螨过敏;而对海鲜类的海虾、海蟹的阳性率分别为35.59%和24.53%;儿童常见的食入性过敏原如花生、牛奶、鸡蛋等的阳性率接近30%,分别是30.00%,29.71%,29.03%。通过分年龄段分析,我们发现在0～3岁儿童中,主要过敏原为食入性过敏原如海鲜、牛奶、花生、鸡蛋等;而在4～7岁儿童中,这几种食入性过敏原阳性率增加的同时,吸入性过敏原如户尘螨和粉尘螨的阳性率大幅升高;而在8～18岁患者中,主要过敏原则为吸入性过敏原。结论食入性过敏原是0～3岁过敏性疾病儿童的主要过敏原,4～7岁儿童中除了食入性过敏原阳性率高外,吸入性过敏原主要是尘螨类开始成为主要过敏原,而在8～18岁患者的主要过敏原为吸入性过敏原。

Distribution of Allergen in Children Asthma, Rhinitis and Dermatitis and Relative Analysis Insruction in Zhuhai

Objective To investigate the distribution of allergens among pediatric patients of allergic diseases in Zhuhai and provide guidance for prevention and diagnosis. Methods Skin prick test had been conducted with 22 standardized allergen extracts among 2 487 pediatric patients （aged from 0 to 18 years old） with asthma or rhinitis or dermatitis. Results 74.59% （1 855 patients） of the patients had positive response to test. The positive rates of Dermatophagoides farina, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, eupbansia, sea crab, peanut, milk and egg were 35.10%, 40.85%, 35.59%, 24.53%, 30.00%, 29.71% and 29.03%. Our investigation further indicated that food allergens were the major allergens in pediatric patient aged from 0 to 3 years old. Positive rate of food allergens in allergic patients aged from 4 to 7 years old increased accompanying with increase of positive rate of house dust mites, and decrease of that was subsequently observed in patients aged from 8 to 18 accompanying with further increase of inhalant allergens. Conclusions Food allergens are major predisposing factors in patients aged 0 to 3, while food allegens and house dust mites are major allergens in patients aged 4 to 7. Inhalant allergens are major allergens in patients aged 8 to 18.