A new protocol and criteria for quantitative determination of sensitization potencies of chemicals by guinea pig maximization test |
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Authors: | Akitada Nakamura Junko Momma Hiromi Sekiguchi Tsutomu Noda Tetsuo Yamano Masa-aki Kaniwa Shigeo Kojima Mitsuhiro Tsuda Yuji Kurokawa |
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Affiliation: | National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya, Tokyo 158, Japan;Public Welfare Institute of Scientific Research, Nukui-kita-machi 3-8-14, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan;Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Tojo-cho 8-34, Tennoji, Osaka 543, Japan |
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Abstract: | This paper presents precise sensitization test data of 15 chemicals with a wide spectrum of sensitization potencies, and proposes a new protocol and criteria for quantitative evaluation of sensitization potencies of chemicals. The tests were performed according to the design of Magnus-son and Kligman, changing the application concentrations for induction as well as for challenge phases. 3-dimensional relationships between mean response (or sensitization rate), induction and challenge concentrations were found in all chemicals tested. The following 2 values are proposed as a quantitative measure of sensitization potency: (a) the minimum induction concentration that induces a positive response; (b) the challenge concentration that induces a mean response approximately equal to 1.0 among the animals applied with the highest concentration for induction. Both values coincided with each other within the range of 1 order of magnitude in every compound except 2. The values varied by 5 orders or more of magnitude among the compounds, showing a wide variation of sensitization potencies among chemicals. A good correlation was found for every chemical between the value of sensitization potency thus obtained and the residual levels in causative products in human cases of allergic contact dermatitis. A new experimental protocol for obtaining values (a) and (b) is proposed. |
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Keywords: | sensitization potency quantitative evaluation guinea pig maximization test allergic contact dermatitis |
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