影响严重多发伤并发急性肺损伤及急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者生存率危险因素分析

目的分析影响严重多发伤并发急性肺损伤（ALI）及急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）生存率的危险因素。方法回顾性分析171例并发ALI／ARDS的严重多发伤患者资料（Au组76例，ARDS组95例），对影响其生存率的20项可能危险因素进行多因素逐步Logistic回归分析。结果影响Au组生存率危险因素为吸烟（B=-5．235，OR=0．005，P=0．001）、创伤后继发脓毒症（B=-2．753，OR=0．064，P=0．031）、胃肠出血（B=-2．876，OR=0．056，P=0．033）；影响ARDS组生存率危险因素为：诱因持续到发病时间（B=3．524，OR=33．933，P=0．008）、创伤后继发脓毒症（B=-5．183，OR=0．006，P=0．004）、肾功能不全（B=-4．745，OR=0．009，P=0．009）、胃肠出血（B=-6．335，OR=0．002，P=0．007）。结论不同于传统ALI／ARDS研究，本研究发现吸烟可能成为影响生存率的独立危险因素；在严重多发伤条件下，并发ALI／ARDS的发病时间愈早，预计的生存率可能愈低；在肺受到损害条件下，如果并发肾功能不全，极易诱发MODS；脓毒症和胃肠出血仍然是创伤后影响生存率的感染性或诱发感染的危险因素，对导致感染的原发病必须积极治疗。

Risk factors affecting the survival rate in serious multiple trauma patients associated with acute lung injure/acute respiratory distress syndrome

Objective To investigate risk factors affecting the survival rate in serious multiple traumatic patients associated with acute lung injure (ALI)/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods The clinical data of 76 serious multiple trauma patients associated with ALI and 95 cases in ARDS, totally 171 patients associated with ALI/ARDS, were retrospectively studied, and stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to analyze 20 possible risk factors affecting survival rate. Results The risk factors affecting survival rate in the ALI group: included smoking(B=-5.235, OR=0.005, P=0.001), sepsis secondary to trauma(B=-2.753,OR=0.064,P=0.031), and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (B= -2.876 , OR=0.056, P=0.033). The risk factors affecting survival rate in the ARDS group included the time of induction factor persisting to attacking(B=3.524, OR=33.933, P=0.008), sepsis secondary to trauma (B=-5.183, OR=0.006, P=0.004); renal insufficiency(B=-4.745, OR=0.009, P= 0.009 ), and gastrointestinal hemorrhage(B= -6.335, OR=0.002, P=0.007). Conclusion Different from the results of study of traditional risk factors affecting survival rate in ALI/ARDS, this study reveals that smoking may be an independent risk factor; the earlier ALI/ARDS appears, the lower the predictable survival rate in condition of serious multiple trauma; MODS is easily induced in the course of complicating renal insufficiency during the time of lung injury; sepsis and gastrointestinal hemorrhage are still the infective factors or infection inducing factors affecting the survival rate after trauma; and the primary disease causing infection must be treated actively.