广州市近50年伤寒、副伤寒流行趋势分析

目的 研究广州市伤寒、副伤寒近50年的流行特征和趋势。方法 对1950～1999年广州市传染病年报的伤寒病资料进行统计分析。结果 显示近50年发病率在1．27／10万-61．33／10万水平波动，逐代年下降，50年代发病率38、70／10万为最高，60年代后呈明显下降趋势，90年代为3．04／10万；死亡率、病死率逐年代大幅下降，50年代死亡率和病死率分别为0．89／10万、2．32％，1987年后仅1999年有1例死亡病报告。病例分布广泛，从90年代以前以市区为主转变为90年代的以市辖县为主状态；全年均有病例，8月份为最高峰；男性发病高于女性；年龄分布以0—9岁组为主，占总病例的31．01％，并有向大年龄组推移的趋势；职业分布以儿童、工人、学生为主，农民和干部职员有增加倾向。结论 广州市伤寒、副伤寒发病呈下降趋势，结果提示21世纪广州市伤寒病的防治应以农村和儿童青少年为重点。

Analysis of the Prevalent Trend of Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever in Guangzhou in 1950-1999

Objectives To study the epidemic characteristics and development trend of typhoid fever and paratyhoid fever in Guangzhou in the last 50 years. Methods Analysis of annual reports of typhoid fever in Guangzhou from 1950 to 1999. Results The incidence rate of typhoid fever in Guangzhou from 1950 to 1999 ranged between 1 .27/10~5 and 61. 33/10~5. The incidence rate decredsed decade by decade. In 1950s it was as high as 38 .70/10~5 . The incidence rate showed an obvious descending trend. In 1950s the mortality rate was 0.89/10~5 and the case-fatality rate was 2.32% . Both decreased by a big margin in the following decades. No deaths had been reported from 1988 to 1998, but one death was reported in 1999. Infections was widely spread, mainly in urban districts before 1990s but shifted to suburban counties in 1990s. Cases were detected throughout the year with the peak in August. The incidence rate was higher in males than in females. Cases mainly occurred in the age group of 0-9 years(accounted for 31 .01%) . The majority of the patients were children, workers and students. Conclusion The incidence of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Guangzhou showed a declining trend. The control of typhoid fever in children and adolescents in Guangzhou in the 21 ~(st) centruy in rural areas should be emphasized.