Separation of two myotoxins from nematocysts of the box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) |
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| Authors: | R Endean |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy;2. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;1. Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil;2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Oregon 97331, USA;3. Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião 11600-000, Brazil;4. Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre 09210-580, Brazil;1. Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany;2. Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;3. Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;4. Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;5. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, RD3 Marine Microbiology, and Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany;1. Nationwide Children''s Hospital, Columbus, OH;2. Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH;3. Central Ohio Poison Center, Columbus, OH;4. Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children''s Hospital, Center for Injury Research and Policy, Columbus, OH;5. Division of Epidemiology, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH;6. Children''s Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY |
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| Abstract: | Two myotoxins, both lethal to mice by i.v. injection, were obtained by chromatography on Sephadex G-200 of material released from isolated microbasic mastigophores of C. fleckeri. Both toxins elicit contractures of skeletal (diaphragm) musculature of the rat and of smooth (ileum and vas deferens) and atrial musculature of the guinea-pig, although consistent differences in the parameters of the contractures of each muscle type elicited by the two toxins are shown. Moreover, one toxin, with a molecular weight of approximately 150,000, also elicits activity on crustacean (barnacle) musculature, whilst the other toxin, with a molecular weight of approximately 600,000, elicits no activity in barnacle musculature at the concentrations tested. The toxins are labile when released from nematocysts and they lose all myotoxic activity within 3 days at 5 degrees C. They can also be isolated chromatographically from crude extracts of the contents of mixed nematocysts of C. fleckeri. They are considered to be the principal toxins injected by C. fleckeri during nematocyst discharge and appear to be different from the C. fleckeri toxins described by other workers. |
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