新疆维吾尔族和汉族人群糖尿病及代谢综合征患病调查

目的:了解本地区维吾尔族和汉族居民糖尿病、高血压、肥胖、血脂异常及代谢综合征的患病情况。方法:采用整群随机抽样方法在新疆克拉玛依市胜利社区抽取40～75岁常住居民,进行问卷调查、体格检查和口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验,检测空腹血糖(FPG)、血脂、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后0.5 h(0.5hPG)和2 h血糖(2hPG)等。结果:在完成的2 000名调查者中,有效调查1 991名,其中汉族1 214名,维吾尔族777名。①两民族之间年龄、舒张压、总胆固醇没有差异。维吾尔族体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、收缩压、FPG、0.5hPG、2hPG、HbA1c、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均显著高于汉族(均P<0.01);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油水平显著低于汉族(P<0.01)。②维吾尔族脂代谢异常患病率与汉族相比无差异,维吾尔族高血压、超重或肥胖、代谢综合征、糖尿病患病率显著高于汉族(均P<0.05)。结论:维吾尔族的糖尿病、高血压、肥胖、血脂异常、代谢综合征等患病情况与汉族不同,其肥胖、高血压、代谢综合征及糖尿病的患病率较高,防控任务更为艰巨。

A study on prevalence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Xinjiang Uyghur and Han nationalities

Objective:To study the prevalences of diabetes,hypertension,obesity,dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in Uyghur and Han nationality residents in Karamay region.Methods:In Shengli district of Karamay,residents aged from 40 to 75 years old were selected randomly and a survey of questionnaire,physical examination and fasting blood-glucose,75 g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),blood glucose half and 2 hours after a glucose load,glycosylated hemoglobin,and blood lipids tests were performed.Results:In the 2 000 residents investigated,1 991 were effective,of which 1 214 were of Han nationality and 777 of Uyghur nationality.No differences in age,diastolic pressure,total cholesterol were found between Uyghur and Han nationalities.Body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,systolic pressure,fasting blood-glucose,blood glucose half hour and 2-hour after a glucose load,and glycosylated hemoglobin in Uyghur nationality residents were significantly higher than those in Han nationality residents(P<0.01);high-density lipoprotein(HDL) and triglycerides in Uyghur residents were significantly lower than that in Han residents(P<0.01).No difference in morbidity of dyslipidemia was found between Uyghur and Han nationalities.On the other hand,the morbidity of hypertension,obesity and overweight,metabolic syndrome and diabetes in Uyghur nationality residents were significantly higher than that in Han nationality residents(P<0.05).Conclusions:The prevalences of diabetes,hypertension,obesity and overweight,and metabolic syndrome were different between Uyghur and Han nationalities.With the higher prevalence rates of obesity,hypertension,metabolic syndrome and diabetes seen in Uyghur nationality,the job of prevention and control is a more difficult task.